The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is a treaty between nations that aims to conserve wetlands and their resources. The treaty was signed in 1971 in the Iranian town of Ramsar and came into force in 1975.

The convention's goals are to stop the worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve those that remain. The convention's three pillars include:
Working towards the wise use of all wetlands
Designating suitable wetlands for the list of Wetlands of International Importance (the “Ramsar List”) and ensuring their effective management
Cooperating internationally on transboundary wetlands, shared wetland systems, and shared species
Almost 90% of UN member states, from all the world's geographic regions, have acceded to become “Contracting Parties” to the convention.
The convention was co-founded by Eskandar Firouz (former environment minister of Iran), Luc Hoffmann of Tour du Valat research station in the Camargue in France, and Geoffrey Matthews of the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust at Slimbridge in the late 1960s.

The Durand Line is the 1,640-mile (2,640-kilometer) international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It was established in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat, and Abdur Rahman Khan, the Afghan Emir. The line was established to:

• Fix the limit of their respective spheres of influence
• Improve diplomatic relations and trade

The Sunda Strait (Indonesian: Selat Sunda) is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It connects the Java Sea with the Indian Ocean.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is located at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICJ is the UN's main judicial body, established in 1945. It was created to peacefully settle international disputes and situations that could lead to a breach of peace.

RCEP stands for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which is a free trade agreement between the 10 ASEAN Member States and Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea, and New Zealand. It came into force on January 1, 2022 for the original parties: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

The RCEP covers a wide range of issues, including:

• Trade in goods and services
• Investment
• Economic and technical cooperation
• Intellectual property
• Competition
• Dispute settlement
• E-commerce
• Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
• Some say that the RCEP provides benefits for companies in services and investment

Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen is a German physician and politician serving as the 13th president of the European Commission since 2019. She served in the German federal government between 2005 and 2019, holding successive positions in Angela Merkel's cabinet, most recently as federal minister of defence.

The Pokhran II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan, India on May 11 and 13, 1998. The tests were a major escalation of India's nuclear program and resulted in international condemnation.

The tests were a surprise to the international community, and were condemned by the United States and Pakistan. The United States stated that sanctions would follow, and terminated all aid to India, with the exception of humanitarian aid.

The tests were a source of national pride and technological advancement for India. They demonstrated India's ability to possess and deploy nuclear weapons, thus enhancing its deterrence capabilities.

Pokhran is a town and a municipality located 112 km east of Jaisalmer city in the Jaisalmer district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated in the Thar Desert region. In local language Pokhran means "the place of five mirages". It got this name from the five salt ranges surrounding the city.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese foreign policy project that includes two prongs:

Silk Road Economic Belt
A land-based network of railways, highways, energy pipelines, and border crossings that connects China with Europe, Russia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia

21st Century Maritime Silk Road
A maritime network that connects China's coastal regions to the South Pacific, Middle East, Eastern Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, all the way to Europe.

The BRI also includes efforts to strengthen people-to-people ties, hard infrastructure, and soft infrastructure. The initiative's goals are to promote economic growth and development through improved infrastructure, which can facilitate smoother trade and generate economic prosperity.
The BRI has expanded to Africa, Oceania, and Latin America, broadening China's economic and political influence. As of October 2023, the plan touches 151 countries with a combined gross domestic product of $41 trillion and some 5.1 billion people.
The BRI has five major priorities: policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and connecting people.
The BRI includes infrastructure projects such as:

• Roads and highways
• Trains
• Energy infrastructure (power stations, wind farms, oil pipelines, etc.)
• Ports
• Extractive industry infrastructure (mines, logging)
• Information technology infrastructure

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) includes six international economic corridors and a trans-continental Silk Road Economic Belt:

• China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor (CMREC)
• New Eurasian Land Bridge (NELB)
• China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor (CCWAEC)
• China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor (CICPEC)
• China-Pakistan economic corridor
• Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar

The headquarters of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The BIMSTEC Secretariat was inaugurated in Dhaka on September 13, 2014.