Article 243D of the Constitution of India deals with the reservation of seats in Panchayats:
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
The number of seats reserved for these groups should be roughly proportional to their population in the area.
Women
At least one-third of the total number of seats should be reserved for women.
Chairpersons
The offices of Chairpersons should be reserved for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women.
Legislatures
State Legislatures can make provisions for reserving seats or offices of Chairpersons for backward classes of citizens.
Expiration
The reservation of seats and offices of Chairpersons ends when the period specified in Article 334 expires.
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Article 243T of the Constitution of India deals with the reservation of seats and offices in municipalities. It states that:
Seats
A municipality must reserve seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The number of reserved seats must be proportional to the population of these groups in the municipality. At least one-third of the reserved seats must be reserved for women from these groups.
Chairpersons
The offices of Chairpersons in municipalities must be reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women.
The seats can be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in a municipality.
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Article 334 of the Constitution of India states that the reservation of seats and special representation for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States will end after a certain period. The period of reservation has been extended several times, most recently to 2019 by the 105th Amendment.
While reservation is an important tool for social justice, efforts should also be made to promote diversity and inclusion in all sectors. This can be achieved by creating a level playing field for all individuals, irrespective of their caste or community.