1. Which of the following countries has the institutions of Supreme Leader, Guardian Council and the Assembly of Experts? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

2. Which of the following is/are TRUE about the Glorious Revolution? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

I. It established the Parliament as the primary ruling power

II. It established the King as the primary ruling power

III. It is also called the bloodless revolution

IV. It led to the deposition of James II and the accession of Mary II

3. The African National Congress (ANC) is a political party in (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

4. The manipulation of district boundaries to create a stronger partisan vote and gain political advantage is technically called (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

5. Rule of law is opposed to (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

6. Which of the following is an advantage of a federal constitutional system? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

7. The governing parties emerge from the assembly. Government ministers are usually drawn from and remain members of the legislature. Such a government shall be described (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

8. 'Civil Society' is best described as (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

9. Judicial Review is a feature of the constitutional practices in (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

10. Which of the following countries is an example of a mixed or semi-presidential system? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

11. Which of the following best describes the concept of Political culture? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

12. Which of the following set of countries is an example of 'holding-together' federalism? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

13. The Fifth Schedule of Indian Constitution deals with (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

14. 'Public-Private Partnership' indicates the collaboration between (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

15. Which of the following statement/s is/are TRUE about parliamentary proceedings? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

(i) Prorogation of a session implies that pending bills in either house of Parliament are likely to lapse.

(ii) Prorogation of a session does not have any effect on pending bills in either House of the Parliament

(iii) Adjournment of a session does not have any effect on pending bills in either House of the Parliament

(iv) Dissolution of the Lok Sabha is not bound to have any effect on pending bills in either House of the Parliament

16. Identify the CORRECT statement/s about judicial activism and choose the right answer from below. (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

(i) Judicial activism is a condition where judges compete with legislators and the executives to make laws.

(ii) Judicial activism is a condition where judges become overactive in delivering judgments to expedite trials and deliver justice.

(iii) Judicial activism is a condition where judges are becoming increasingly restive and frequently resort to hartals and street protests to ensure delivery of justice.

17. The State Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act is not in force in (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

18. Which of the following defines 'demonetization'? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

19. Dyarchy, the system of double government for the provinces of British India, was introduced by (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

20. Which of the following is the constitutional procedure regarding the creation of Legislative Councils in the Indian states? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

21. Residuary power of legislation in India is with (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

22. In which of the following states, Indian National Congress was the leading party after the last assembly elections, but could not form a government? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

23. The Collegium comprised of the Chief Justice of India and the topmost four senior judges of the Supreme Court (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

24. The Goods and Services Tax is (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

25. Which of the following organizations is associated with the protest against the release of the Indian film 'Padmavathi'? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

26. According to Kautilya's Arthasastra, "Gopa" is (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

27. Which of the following departments is under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

28. Yoginder K. Alagh Committee Report submitted to the UPSC in 2001 is about reforms in (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

29. Of the following, which was the first state in India to implement an e-Vidhan system to turn legislative assembly into a paperless one? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

30. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India submits its report relating to the accounts of the Union to (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

31. Which of the following statements about Lokayukta in India is/are TRUE? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

I. Lokayukta is an anti-corruption ombudsman in Indian states.

II. Delhi is the first among the Indian states to create a Lokayukta.

III. Lokayuktas of different states vary in their powers and functions.

32. Which of the following states has been exempted from the implementation of the Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

33. 'Hawthorne experiment' was conducted by (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

34. The administrative principle, "no subordinate in an organization should report to more than one boss" is known as (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

35. The Government of India celebrates Good Governance Day in honour of (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

36. Pradan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana intends to provide (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

37. Which among the following is not part of 'Panchsheel'? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

38. India is not a full member of (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

39. '38th Parallel' is the boundary line that demarcates (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

40. The Mandate System was introduced by (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

41. '8-8-88 Uprising' is associated with (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

42. Which of the following is not an African regional organisation? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

43. 'Socialism in one Country' is associated with (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

44. 'Concert of Europe' was based on (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

45. The Geneva Convention deals with (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

46. The Maastricht Treaty exemplifies the principles of (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

47. The main objective of the Congress of Vienna was (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

48. The 123rd constitution amendment Bill passed by the Loksabha intended to give constitutional recognition to (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

49. The idea of 'tacit consent' was proposed by (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

50. Who is the author of "Two Concepts of Liberty"? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

51. Match the following books with their authors: (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

52. False consciousness is (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

53. The term 'Fascism' is derived from (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

54. Match the following books with their authors: (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

55. Identify the thinker who uses the term 'phronesis'. (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

56. Savarkar's test of nationality includes (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

57. The term 'veil of ignorance' is to be found in the work of (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

58. Who is the author of The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

59. The purusharthas include (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

60. Who wrote the Manavadharmashastra? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

61. Passage I: Read the passages given below and answer the questions No. 61-68

My humble submission is that, contrary to what this writer says, the very virtue of a religious ideal lies in the fact that it cannot be completely realized in the flesh. For a religious ideal must be proved by faith and how can faith have play if perfection could be attained by the spirit while it was still surrounded by its "earthly vesture of decay"? Where would there be scope for its infinite expansion which is its essential characteristic? Where would be room for that constant striving, that ceaseless quest after the ideal that is the basis of all spiritual progress, if mortals could reach the perfect state while still in the body? If such easy perfection in the body was possible all we would have to do would be simply to follow a cut-and-dry model. Similarly if a perfect code of conduct were possible for all there would be no room for a diversity of faiths and religions because there would be only one standard religion which everybody would have to follow. The virtue of an ideal consists in its boundlessness. But although religious ideals must thus from their very nature remain unattainable by imperfect human beings, although by virtue of their boundlessness they may seem ever to recede farther away from us, the nearer we go to them, still they are closer to us than our very hands and feet because we are more certain of their reality and truth than even of our own physical being. This faith in one's ideals alone constitutes true life, in fact it is man's all in all. Blessed is the man who can perceive the law of ahimsa in the midst of the raging fire of hamsa all around him. (Source: M K Gandhi, Collected Works, Volume 43, 22.11.1928)

Q. The above passage argues for (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

62. Infinite expansion is the essential characteristic of (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

63. The body restricts (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

64. A perfect code of conduct restricts (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

65. The virtue of an ideal is (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

66. Religious ideals remain unattainable because (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

67. True life is signified by (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

68. Perceiving the law of ahimsa amidst himsa is (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

69. Passage II: Read the passages given below and answer the questions No. 69-76

The gloomy psychology of Continental diplomacy and the inevitable miIitarisation of its policy in part proceeded from, and in part reinforced, the militarist bias of the Continental states. The American state and diplomatic service took on different colouring. As we shall see, Jeffersonians and Jacksonians were revolted by the idea of an elite diplomatic service; Hamiltonians had no such objections in principle, but the nature and the purposes of the state and the foreign service would be different in a commercial republic from those of a state in a military monarchy. Thus European states were heavily informed and penetrated by an ethos that was not only elitist and aristocratic but frankly and proudly military. The princes, chancellors, ministers, and ambassadors of nineteen century Europe, to say nothing of its generals and officers, were frequently descended from warrior aristocracies. Until the Eighteenth century it was not uncommon in Europe's monarchs to command their troopsin the field; as late as 1743, George II of Britain appeared in person to oppose French in the Battle of Dettingen. Militaristic Prussia, in which the needs of the army drove the evolution of the state, was an extreme example, but with every great Continental power of early modern Europe the history of the state was to some degree the history of its armed forces, and the state was less involved in civilian affairs and proportionately more involved in military matters than now. Once again Britain, though fully committed to the cultivation and projection of military force, was the least militaristic of the great powers, and once again Hamiltonians, without repudiating British and even Continental ideas about the nature of humankind and the competition of states, came to very different practical conclusions about what needed to be done. (Source: Walter Russell Mead (2009), Special Providence: American .Foreign Policy and How It Changed the World, New York: Routledge, p.l 04)

Q. Which of the following can be a most suitable title for the passage? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

70. According to this passage, the continental states were moved by (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

71. According to this passage, American state's orientations is (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

72. European diplomats, rulers and military officials descended from (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

73. According to this passage, until Eighteenth century, Europe's monarchs, during the time of war (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

74. Jeffersonians, Jacksonians and Hamiltonians could be: (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

75. Which among the following is the suitable characterisation of European States? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

76. According to this passage, Britain was (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

77. Passage III: Read the passages given below and answer the questions No. 77-84

In analysing democratic transitions in recent years, social scientists have distinguished between problems of "transitions from authoritarian rule" and problems of "democratic consolidation". The first transition focuses on what undermines an authoritarian regime and will bring it down. The second transition focuses on "the broader and more complicated process associated with the institutionalization of a new and democratic set ofrules for political life." We distinguish between the two periods to understand the most important moments through which states evolve in democratic transitions, and to better understand why transitions start.

After much debate, political scientists have reached an apparent broad consensus that conflicts within the authoritarian coalitions are the primary reason for the advent of 15 transition, which is then advanced through a "series of bargains" between states and opposition elites. Scientific typologies are constructed around distinctions among different type of transitions - transitions through transaction, transitions through reform, transitions through regime defeat, transition through rupture, and transition through extrication. Gerardo Munck has argued, however, that only a detailed knowledge of intra-elite, establishment elite-opposition elite, and elite-mass interaction in specific countries will provide the basis for understanding what actually happened in those instances. Moreover, we cannot assume that "transitional democracies", that is transitional from authoritarian regimes, will automatically, naturally, or inevitably become "consolidated democracies." (Source: Lisa Anderson, ed. 1999. Transitions to Democracy. New York Chichester: Columbia University Press, p. 45).

Q. Social scientists have distinguished between problems of "transitions from authoritarian rule" and of "democratic consolidation" (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

78. The problem of transition from authoritarian rule focuses on (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

79. The second transition of democratic consolidation looks at (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

80. Scholars distinguish between the two periods to understand (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

81. There is an apparent broad consensus among political scientists that democratic transitions start because of (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

82. A "series of bargains" between states and opposition elites helps explain (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

83. Transition from authoritarianism might not necessarily lead to (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

84. This passage is about (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

85. Passage IV: Read the passages given below and answer the questions No. 85-92

The Minnowbrook Conference made a significant contribution in transforming the complexion of public administration by advocating client orientation, social sensitivity and normative concerns. The normative approach called for government's role to reduce economic and social disparities, and enhance life opportunities for everyone in society. The conference attempted to introduce new ideas in the administration by making it comprehend real life situations rather than being dehumanizing in nature. New Public Administration aimed at making the administration sensitive to political values. New Public Administration is, according to Frederickson (1971), what could be best described as 'second generation behaviouralism.' Unlike its predecessor progenitor, the second generation behavouralist emphasizes the 'public' part of public administration. He is less 'generic' and more 'public' than his forebear; less 'descriptive' and more 'prescriptive,' less 'institution- oriented' and more 'clientimpact oriented,' less 'neutral,' more 'normative' and is hoped to be no less scientific. Public administration, as we have just discussed, has been experiencing transformation since the 1960s in tune with socio- economic and environmental pressures. The

circumstances in the beginning of the 1970s globally pushed or gave impetus especially in the Western world- to embark upon some radical administrative reforms. The relevance of the classical public administration model with emphasis on hierarchy, structure, rationality, centralization, etc. was being questioned. Rational behavior, the hallmark of public administration, was being contemplated, as not relevant and feasible in the contemporary scenario. The post- Weberian approach to the discipline of public administration gives significance to public policymaking with emphasis on flexible organization structure, decentralization, goal achievement, efficiency and effectiveness. Public administration, which all along has given prominence to processes, procedures and public service orientation, seems to be giving way to efficiency, economy and effectiveness in the achievement of results. Managerial improvements aimed at ushering in business management techniques and market mechanisms, competition and client orientation began gaining importance within the rubric of NPM. (Source: Medury, U (2010). Public Administration in the Globalisation Era- The New Public Management Perspective. Orient Blackswan.)

Q. Expand NPM. (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

86. The shift of public administration from service- orientation to ____________for better results. (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

1. Efficiency

2. Economy

3. Effectiveness

4. Processes

87. According to the passage, which of the following approaches emphasizes on goal achievement, decentralization and effectiveness? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

88. The New Public Administration stands for (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

89. Which of the following is termed as 'second generation behaviouralism'? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

90. Which of the following statements are true: (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

a. The circumstances in the beginning of the 1970s globally pushed or gave impetus- especially in the Western world- to embark upon some radical administrative reforms.

b. The relevance ofthe classical public administration model with emphasis on hierarchy, structure, rationality, centralization, etc. was being questioned.

c. Irrational behavior, the hallmark of public administration, was being contemplated, as not relevant and feasible in the contemporary scenario.

91. Which of the following was emphasized by the second generation behavouralist? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

92. By normative approach, the author meant (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

93. Passage V: Read the passages given below and answer the questions No. 93-100

The question I ask here is related but different. I want to enter a debate currently taking place in several democracies in the world. Liberals, it is said, are in decline because they intensely dislike nationalism, which is on the rise. It is also said that liberals defend all kind of rights - civil rights, women's rights, minority rights -- but they rarely, if ever, speak of the rights of national communities. With great pride, Hungary's prime minister, Viktor Orban, has gone to the extent of calling himself an "illiberal democrat", which for him means a democrat "with national foundations". And in India, the term "anti-national" has also been used to describe liberals.

Are liberals really opposed to nationalism? To answer this question, two issues need to be dissected: What is liberalism? And how does one define nationalism? In a weIlknown text, The Making of Modern Liberalism, Allan Ryan, a political theorist, has argued that "we should be seeking to understand liberalisms rather than liberalism". Liberals differ on the role of government; on which rights should be defended; on whether, instead of rights, the concept of utility, so dear to ecqnomic modes of thinking and central also to the 19th century liberalism of John Stuart Mill, can still be used in liberal politics.

19While the argument about many liberalisms is not wrong, it is also true that it is impossible to imagine modern-day liberalism without at least three rights that should accrue to citizens and constrain governments: Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of association. These freedoms, when enshrined in the constitution and laws, become the foundation of "limited government" which, to most liberals, is a defining feature of a liberal political order. For liberal modes of thinking, governments can't take these rights away. Only in exceptional conditions, mostly triggered by demonstrable, not fake, national security considerations, can restrictions be placed.

Just as liberalism can come in several forms, nationalism, too, is not a unitary concept. In the vast literature on nationalism, a standard distinction is normally drawn between two types of nations and nationalisms: Civic and ethnic. Civic nations allow citizenship and equal rights to all those born inside the territory of a state regardless of ethnicity, religion or race. The US and France are often cited as examples that come closest to the concept of civic nations. Though their historical record is less than perfect, the French and American revolutions that led to the birth of these nations were indeed founded on civic ideals, not ethnicity, religion or race.

Ethnic nationhood is conceptualised differently. It says that an ethnic, racial or religious majority or group can "own" the nation, and minorities either do not exist, or must have a secondary status. Blood is the basis of such nationhood, not civic ideals. The literature cites Germany and Japan as key examples of this variant. In a famous comparison laid out in Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany, Rogers Brubaker showed how post-revolutionary France gave citizenship on the basis of birth within the French territory, whereas for Germany, German ancestry was the basis. Consistent with this historic principle, right up to the 1990s, Germany gave several million Turks, including those born in Germany, the status of"guest workers" only, not citizens.

Of the two, civic nationalism is compatible with liberalism. But ethnic nationalism, by relegating minorities to a secondary status or expressing hostility to minority rights, is inimical to modern liberalism. Liberals are opposed to ethnic nationalism, not nationalism per se.

Let us now examine the implications of this reasoning for India. The first question we need to pose is one of conceptual categorisation. What kind of a nation is India - is it civic or ethnic? If we go by the Constitution, India chose more of a civic than an ethnic model at Independence. In the 1950s, Indians living in East and South Africa and Malaysia were not granted Indian citizenship, even though they had Indian ancestry. Rather, they were encouraged to remain committed to their adopted lands. Equally important, no ethnic or religious groups was given political primacy in the constitutional settlement. All groups and citizens were legally equal.

In Hindu nationalist circles, it is often suggested that this view of Indian nationhood was a Nehruvian imposition. It is forgotten that whatever their differences on other natters, Nehru, Gandhi and Ambedkar were in agreement that all religious communities were equal partners in the Indian nation. It should also be noted that the RSS intensely criticised India's Constitution, whose writing Ambedkar had led, stating that the Manusmriti, which in ancient India provided one of the earliest rationales of the awful inequalities ofthe caste system and whose copies Ambedkar had publicly burned in the 1920s, should have been the basis for India's Constitution.

20Liberals are opposed to Hindu nationalism because it is a form of ethnic nationalism; it is not civic nationalism. It privileges India's Hindu majority in the political order and is hostile to minority religions, especially those that were born outside India, such as Islam and Christianity. All basic texts of Hindu nationalism - from Savarkar to Golwalkar to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya - carry this message. In contrast, no modernday liberal can deny equality to minorities and support majoritarianism.

Nehru's biographers have noted that he used to keep two statuettes on his desk: One of Mahatma Gandhi, the other of Abraham Lincoln. The point was cleat. Nehru would offer Gandhi's heart to all those who were members of the Indian nation formed by the Constitution, but he would use Lincoln's hand against anyone who sought to break up the nation. There would be no concessions made.

Nehru's tale is an allegory of Indian liberalism. Liberals disapprove of Hindu nationalism, but they support the constitutionally consecrated view of the nation – and would battle against those who seek disintegration. (Source: Ashutosh Varshney, 'Liberalism and Nationalism', The Indian Express, New Delhi, 29 March 2018.)

Q. Which one of the following is true about liberal rights? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

94. Why, according to the author; liberals are opposed to Hindu nationalism? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

95. What, according to the author, makes India a civic nation? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

96. What led the Hungarian prime'minister, Viktor Orban, to label himself an "illiberal democrat"? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

97. Which of the following is NOT true of liberalism? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

98. What, according to author, is common between Nehru, Gandhi and Ambedkar? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

99. Why is ethnic nationalism not considered to be compatible with liberalism? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

100. Which of the following makes the French variant of citizenship different from the German citizenship? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)