The Rohini Commission was instituted on October 2, 2017, led by Justice G Rohini, the former Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court. This four-member commission was formed to ensure a more equitable distribution of reservation benefits among the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in India.

Article 16(1) in Constitution of India
There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
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Article 16(2) in Constitution of India
No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
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Article 16(3) in Constitution of India
Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
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Article 16(4) in Constitution of India
Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.

Rohini commission was set up on 2^nd October, 2017 under Article 340 of the Constitution (President’s power to appoint a Commission to investigate the conditions of the backward classes).

The Mandal Commission adopted various methods and techniques to collect the necessary data and evidence. In order to identify who qualified as an "other backward class," the commission adopted eleven criteria which could be grouped under three major headings: social, educational and economic: 

Social

1. Castes/classes considered as socially backward by others,
2. Castes/classes which mainly depend on manual labour for their livelihood,
3. Castes/classes where at least 25 percent females and 10 per cent males above the state average get married at an age below the 17 years in rural areas and at least 10 percent females and 5 per cent males do so in urban areas.
4. Castes/classes where participation of females in work is at least 25 percent above the state average.

Educational

1. Castes/classes where the number of children in the age group of 5–15 years who never attended school is at least 25 per cent above the state average.
2. Castes/classes where the rate of student drop-out in the age group of 5–15 years is at least 25 percent above the state average,
3. Castes/classes amongst whom the proportion of matriculates is at least 25 percent below the state average.

Economic

1. Castes/classes where the average value of family assets is at least 25 percent below the state average,
2. Castes/classes where the number of families living in kuccha houses is at least 25 per cent above the state average,
3. Castes/classes where the source of drinking water is beyond half a kilometer for more than 50 percent of the households,
4. Castes/classes where the number of households having taken consumption loans is at least 25 percent above the state average.