The Rohini Commission was instituted on October 2, 2017, led by Justice G Rohini, the former Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court. This four-member commission was formed to ensure a more equitable distribution of reservation benefits among the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in India.

Article 16(1) in Constitution of India
There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
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Article 16(2) in Constitution of India
No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
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Article 16(3) in Constitution of India
Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
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Article 16(4) in Constitution of India
Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.

Rohini commission was set up on 2^nd October, 2017 under Article 340 of the Constitution (President’s power to appoint a Commission to investigate the conditions of the backward classes).

The Mandal Commission adopted various methods and techniques to collect the necessary data and evidence. In order to identify who qualified as an "other backward class," the commission adopted eleven criteria which could be grouped under three major headings: social, educational and economic: 

Social

1. Castes/classes considered as socially backward by others,
2. Castes/classes which mainly depend on manual labour for their livelihood,
3. Castes/classes where at least 25 percent females and 10 per cent males above the state average get married at an age below the 17 years in rural areas and at least 10 percent females and 5 per cent males do so in urban areas.
4. Castes/classes where participation of females in work is at least 25 percent above the state average.

Educational

1. Castes/classes where the number of children in the age group of 5–15 years who never attended school is at least 25 per cent above the state average.
2. Castes/classes where the rate of student drop-out in the age group of 5–15 years is at least 25 percent above the state average,
3. Castes/classes amongst whom the proportion of matriculates is at least 25 percent below the state average.

Economic

1. Castes/classes where the average value of family assets is at least 25 percent below the state average,
2. Castes/classes where the number of families living in kuccha houses is at least 25 per cent above the state average,
3. Castes/classes where the source of drinking water is beyond half a kilometer for more than 50 percent of the households,
4. Castes/classes where the number of households having taken consumption loans is at least 25 percent above the state average.

The Five Eyes (FVEY) is an intelligence alliance between five English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The alliance was established after World War II and the countries work together to: Share sensitive information, Pool resources, Ensure collective security, and Combat global threats.

The alliance's origins can be traced back to the 1946 UKUSA Agreement, which was intended to be a cooperative arrangement for sharing signals intelligence (SIGINT). The UK and the United States were initially part of the alliance, which expanded to include Canada in 1948 and Australia and New Zealand in 1956.

Some say that countries like India, South Korea, and Japan could be included as additional members of the alliance in the future.

India has signed civil nuclear cooperation agreements with France, the United States, Russia, Namibia, Canada, Argentina, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Czech Republic, Australia, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom. A Memorandum of Understanding on civil nuclear cooperation has also been signed with Mongolia. In December 2015, India and Japan exchanged a Memorandum as per which both sides confirmed having reached agreement on an Agreement for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy.

In 2016, India and Brazil signed an agreement for cooperation in mutual recognition between the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABNT). The two countries have also discussed cooperation in other areas, including nuclear energy, science and technology, and climate change.

As of May 2023, China does not engage in nuclear dialogue with India because India has not signed any treaty that would make it a legal and responsible nuclear state. China has also argued that India is not a nuclear security threat because of India's No-First-Use (NFU) doctrine.

The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Institute is a project at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden that studies government qualities and tracks democratic freedoms worldwide. The V-Dem project is one of the world's largest social science data collection projects. The V-Dem Institute is responsible for collecting, curating, and making the data available to users. The institute also produces publications, including a Working Paper series and an annual Democracy Report. 

Iran’s support for non-state actors in West Asia, including Hamas, Hezbollah and Houthis. Last month, Iran launched an unprecedented drone and missile attack on Israel, after its consulate in Damascus was struck. Hezbollah is fighting a slow-burning war with Israel on its northern border. Houthis, the Yemeni militia, is carrying out attacks targeting vessels in the Red Sea, “in solidarity with Palestinians”

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Palau is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific.

The People's Plan was an economic plan for India drafted in 1945 by Manabendra Nath Roy on behalf of the Indian Federation of Labour's Post-War Re-Construction Committee. The plan was based on Marxist socialism and focused on agriculture over a 10-year period. Its main feature was the nationalization of all agriculture and production. The plan also emphasized:

• Consumer products manufacturing in the industrial sector
• Meeting the community's need for basic goods
• Land reforms
• Decentralized participatory people planning
• Increased production in every sphere of economic activity
• Railways, roads, and shipping

The plan aimed to provide for the satisfaction of the immediate basic needs of the Indian people within a period of ten years.

The term "death commission" is most notably associated with a series of events in Iran during the late 1980s, specifically referring to the group of officials responsible for the mass executions of political prisoners in 1988. This event is often termed the "1988 Massacre" or the "1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners."

In 1988, following the end of the Iran-Iraq War and amidst political unrest, the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, issued a fatwa that led to the establishment of these commissions. They were tasked with interrogating prisoners, primarily those affiliated with the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) and other opposition groups, to determine their loyalty to the Islamic Republic. Those who were deemed "unrepentant" were executed. Thousands of prisoners were killed as a result of these summary trials.

The members of the so-called "death commissions" included judges, prosecutors, and intelligence officials. This period is one of the darkest in Iran's modern history and has been widely condemned by human rights organizations. The events remain a sensitive and controversial topic in Iranian politics and international human rights discussions.

Ebrahim Raisi was one of the members of this commission.

India is considering proposals to connect Bangladesh's Matarbari port to its northeastern states. The Matarbari port is expected to be operational in 2027 and will be Bangladesh's first deep-sea port. It will be a key port for India's landlocked northeastern states, which are collectively known as the "Seven Sisters". The port will also help ease the burden on Bangladesh's main port, Chittagong, also known as Chattogram.
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The Hambantota International Port[a] is a deep water port in Hambantota, Sri Lanka, notable for its 99-year lease to China Merchant Ports. Opened in 2010, it is Sri Lanka's second largest port, after Colombo.
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Chabahar Port is a significant seaport located in southeastern Iran, on the Gulf of Oman. It is the only Iranian port with direct access to the Indian Ocean, making it strategically important for international trade and regional geopolitics.
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The Gwadar Port is situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan and is under the administrative control of the Maritime Secretary of Pakistan and operational control of the China Overseas Port Holding Company. The port features prominently in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and is considered to be a link between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Maritime Silk Road projects.

The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) is a critical tool used by governments and organizations to measure and analyze the spending patterns of households. It provides data on how households allocate their income towards various goods and services, such as food, housing, transportation, healthcare, education, and entertainment. This survey often informs national policies, economic forecasts, and social programs.

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has conducted Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) during August 2022 to July 2023.

Jana Sena or Jana Sena Party (JSP) is an Indian political party based in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu film star Pawan Kalyan on 14 March 2014.

The Biju Janata Dal (BJD) is an Indian regional political party with significant influence in the state of Odisha. It was founded by the former minister of mines and minerals of the Republic of India Naveen Patnaik on 26 December 1997 as a breakaway faction from the Janata Dal. The BJD is led by its founder as president of the party.

The UNGA adopted a resolution with 143 votes in favour and nine against while 25 countries abstained; it does not give Palestinians full membership, but recognises them as qualified to join

The Jannayak Janta Party, abbreviated as, JJP is an Indian state-level political party in Haryana, India. JJP is a recognized state political party. JJP was founded on 9 December 2018 by Dushyant Chautala with the ideology of Devi Lal, who served as Deputy Prime Minister of India

Bahujan Samaj Party was founded on the birth anniversary of B. R. Ambedkar (14 April 1984) by Kanshi Ram, who named former school teacher, Mayawati, as his successor of BSP in 2001.

The Union Cabinet had approved the scheme for Indian youth to serve in the Armed Forces on 14 Jun 2022.

• The ‘Agnipath’ scheme is a transformational reform for the Armed Forces and the Nation and aims to bring
  paradigm changes in the Human Resource Management of the Indian Army.
• The youth (male/female) selected under this scheme will be known as ‘Agniveers’
• The ‘Agnipath’ allows patriotic and motivated youth (17.5 years to 21 years old) to serve in the Armed Forces
  for a period of 4 years.
• The best among to Agniveers, up to 25 percent in each batch, will be selected for regular cadre to serve for
  another 15 years, based on transparent and merit-based assessment.
• 46,000 Agniveers will be recruited this year (2022).
• The process of recruiting 46,000 soldiers, sailors, and airmen this year will begin on a "all-India, all-class"
  basis under the Agnipath scheme.
• The average age in the forces is 32 years today, which will go down to 26 in six to seven years.
• A youthful profile of the Army will provide a fresh lease of ‘Josh and Jazba’ while bringing about a
  transformational shift towards a more technical savvy Armed Forces- which is the need of the hour.
• Army will continue to retain its rich legacy, history, traditions, military values and culture - based on the
  principles of Cohesiveness, Camaraderie, Esprit-de-Corps and the core ethos of Naam, Namak and
  Nishan”
• On completion of the engagement period of four years, Agniveers will be paid one time ‘Seva Nidhi’
  package which shall comprise their contribution including accrued interest thereon and matching contribution
  from the Government equal to the accumulated amount of their contribution including interest.
• After their tenure their skills and experience would create opportunities for themselves and Contribute to the
  growth of the economy

As of May 2, 2024, Shri Kishor Makwana is the chairperson of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC). He took charge on March 11, 2024, and stated that he would work to protect the rights and interests of the Scheduled Castes community. Makwana has written nine books about Dr. Ambedkar, and has also translated and edited many books.

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As of March 6, 2024, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) chair remains vacant after Harsh Chouhan resigned in June 2023, eight months before the end of his term. The NCST is a constitutional body under Article 338 that consists of five members, including a chairperson, vice-chairperson, and three other members. The president appoints all members, who serve three-year terms.

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As of February 24, 2024, Rekha Sharma is the chairperson of the National Commission for Women (NCW). She took on the role on August 7, 2018, after serving as an NCW member since August 2015 and acting chairperson from September 29, 2017 to August 6, 2018.

48 hours before elections, known as the silence period or pre-election silence, is when all campaign-related or election-related activity is supposed to be halted, and no one, including persons like citizens, journalists, politicians, etc. are allowed to partake in any such activity. This is done to give the voters a peaceful break from being influenced by campaigns so that they may make a considered decision while voting.

Under the Sections 126, 126A and 135C of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RP Act), all election-related activities, which are activities intended or likely to influence or affect the results of an election like holding public meetings, giving speeches, etc. are prohibited during the silence period. Most of this is enforced through notifications by the Election Commission of India (ECI). For example, this notification specifies many of the duties and prohibitions in relation with the 2020 General Election to the Legislative Assembly of National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Forest, marriage and Adoption come under the Concurrent List.

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act of 2012 is a gender-neutral law that protects children from sexual assault, harassment, and pornography. It also establishes special courts to try these offenses.

According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), women and children are 14 times more likely than men to die in a disaster.

On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court ruled in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization that the Constitution does not protect the right to abortion. The ruling overturned Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, ending nearly 50 years of precedent protecting abortion rights. The decision also paved the way for states to ban abortion.

The case was filed on March 19, 2018, and the ruling was described as a "wrecking ball to the constitutional right to abortion" and a "devastating decision that will reverberate for generations".

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Roe v. Wade was a 1973 Supreme Court case that legalized abortion in the United States. The case was brought by Norma McCorvey, who used the pseudonym "Jane Roe". The court ruled 7–2 that the Constitution protects a woman's right to have an abortion. The ruling also recognized that the right to choose whether to continue or end a pregnancy belongs to the individual, not the government.

Isaiah Berlin spoke about two types of freedom. The first is ‘freedom from’ or negative freedom; the second is ‘freedom to’ or positive freedom. ‘Freedom from’ means the absence of obstacles or constraints, whereas ‘freedom to’ recognizes the possibility of autonomously determining and achieving individual or collective purposes

On December, 12, 2012, the UN General Assembly unanimously endorsed a resolution urging countries to accelerate progress towards UHC.

The Palk Strait is a strait that connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with Palk Bay in the southwest, and then with the Gulf of Mannar in the southwest. It's located between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka, and is 40–85 miles wide and 85 miles long. The strait is surrounded by Pamban Island (India), Adam's (Rama's) Bridge, the Gulf of Mannar, and Mannar Island (Sri Lanka).

The Palk Strait is named after Robert Palk, who was the governor of Madras Presidency from 1755–1763 during the British Raj period. Several rivers flow into the strait, including the Vaigai River of Tamil Nadu.

"How prime Ministers Decide" is a book written by a eminent senior journalist Neerja Chowdhury. In this book she has documented her experiences with six prime ministers of India. The six Prime Ministers she has chosen out of the 15 are -

• Indira Gandhi (‘I am the issue’),
• Rajiv Gandhi (‘gravitas and poise’),
• Vishwanath Pratap Singh (‘crafty’, ‘messiah’),
• P.V. Narasimha Rao (‘scholarly’, ‘superstitious’),
• A.B. Vajpayee (‘walking slowly’, ‘forlornly’, ‘sombre’),
• Manmohan Singh (‘So be it’) come alive in her narration as no biography of any of them can hope to match, let alone better.