• Max Weber, a prominent sociologist, outlined several key features of bureaucracy as an ideal type of organizational structure. These features are described below:

Division of Labor: Bureaucracies divide tasks and responsibilities based on specialization and expertise, ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of duties.

Hierarchy of Authority: Bureaucracies have a clear hierarchy of authority, with each level having authority over the level below and being accountable to the level above.

Rules and Procedures: Bureaucracies operate according to established rules, procedures, and regulations that govern the behavior of officials and the organization as a whole.

Impersonal Relationships: Bureaucracies maintain impersonal relationships among members and between officials and clients, focusing on the role rather than the individual.

Merit-Based Selection: Bureaucracies emphasize merit-based selection and promotion, where individuals are appointed and promoted based on their qualifications and performance rather than personal connections or favoritism.

Career Orientation: Bureaucracies offer career paths and opportunities for advancement based on performance and seniority within the organization.

Specialization: Bureaucracies emphasize specialized training and expertise, ensuring that officials have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their roles effectively.

Formalized Communication: Bureaucracies rely on formalized communication channels, such as written reports and documents, to ensure clarity and consistency in decision-making and information dissemination.

Efficiency: Bureaucracies strive for efficiency in their operations, seeking to achieve organizational goals in the most effective and cost-effective manner possible.

These features, as outlined by Weber, are ideal types and may not be fully present in every bureaucratic organization. However, they provide a framework for understanding the characteristics of bureaucratic systems and their impact on organizational functioning.

• Max Weber, a prominent sociologist, outlined several key features of bureaucracy as an ideal type of organizational structure. These features are described below:

Division of Labor: Bureaucracies divide tasks and responsibilities based on specialization and expertise, ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of duties.

Hierarchy of Authority: Bureaucracies have a clear hierarchy of authority, with each level having authority over the level below and being accountable to the level above.

Rules and Procedures: Bureaucracies operate according to established rules, procedures, and regulations that govern the behavior of officials and the organization as a whole.

Impersonal Relationships: Bureaucracies maintain impersonal relationships among members and between officials and clients, focusing on the role rather than the individual.

Merit-Based Selection: Bureaucracies emphasize merit-based selection and promotion, where individuals are appointed and promoted based on their qualifications and performance rather than personal connections or favoritism.

Career Orientation: Bureaucracies offer career paths and opportunities for advancement based on performance and seniority within the organization.

Specialization: Bureaucracies emphasize specialized training and expertise, ensuring that officials have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their roles effectively.

Formalized Communication: Bureaucracies rely on formalized communication channels, such as written reports and documents, to ensure clarity and consistency in decision-making and information dissemination.

Efficiency: Bureaucracies strive for efficiency in their operations, seeking to achieve organizational goals in the most effective and cost-effective manner possible.

These features, as outlined by Weber, are ideal types and may not be fully present in every bureaucratic organization. However, they provide a framework for understanding the characteristics of bureaucratic systems and their impact on organizational functioning.