Navnirman Andolan was a socio-political movement started in Gujarat in 1974 by students and middle-class people against economic crisis and corruption in public life. It is the only successful agitation in the history of post-independence India that resulted in dissolution of an elected government of the state.
Chimanbhai Patel became the chief minister of Gujarat in July 1973 replacing Ghanshyam Oza. There were allegations of corruption against him. The urban middle class was facing economic crisis due to the high price of food.
On 20 December 1973, students of L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad went on strike in protest against a 20% hike in hostel food fees.
The wave of this protest started showing across academic institutions of Gujarat which resulted a committee called Nav Nirman Yuvak Samiti.
This committee demanded resignation of the Chief Minister Chidambhai Patel. India Gandhi then then Prime Minister, due to the political pressure, asked the CM to resign and the President rule was imposed.
The same Committee again demanded fresh election and which was supported by opposition parties. Morarji Desai the then leader of Indian National Congress (O) supported the demand and sit for hunger strike. Finally elections were held on 10 June and the result was declared on 12 June 1975. This was the day when the verdict of Allahabad High Court was declared which was for electoral malpractice by Indira gandhi in 1971 Lok Sabha election. This verdict was against Indira Gandhi.
Meanwhile, Chimanbhai Patel formed a new party named Kisan Mazdoor Lok Paksh and contested on his own. Congress, which won only 75 seats, lost the elections. Coalition of Congress (O), Jan Sangh, PSP and Lok Dal known as Janata Morcha won 88 seats and Babubhai J. Patel became Chief Minister. This government lasted nine months and president's rule was imposed in March 1976. Congress won elections in December 1976 and Madhav Singh Solanki became Chief Minister.
Jayaprakash Narayan visited Gujarat on 11 February 1974, after Chimanbhai Patel's resignation, though he was not involved in the movement. The Bihar Movement had already begun in Bihar. It inspired him to lead it and turn it into a total revolution movement, which resulted in the Emergency.