66. Identify the correct chronological order in which the following approaches emerged: (NET December 2007)
(i) Philosophical Approach
(ii) Behavioural Approach
(iii) Marxist Approach
(iv) Systems Approach
Codes:
The correct chronological order in which the following approaches emerged is as follows:
- Philosophical Approach: This is the earliest approach, dating back to ancient political thought, including works of philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, focusing on normative questions about politics and governance.
- Marxist Approach: This approach emerged in the 19th century, with Karl Marx's works, particularly The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867). It focuses on class struggle, material conditions, and the economic foundations of political systems.
- Behavioural Approach: This approach gained prominence in the 1930s-1950s, emphasizing empirical research, observation, and the study of human behavior in politics, moving away from normative analysis.
- Systems Approach: Developed by David Easton in the 1950s, this approach views political systems as complex, interrelated structures and functions, emphasizing inputs, outputs, and feedback mechanisms within the political environment.
Thus, the correct chronological order is:
(i) Philosophical Approach → (iii) Marxist Approach → (ii) Behavioural Approach → (iv) Systems Approach.