Marxism
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1. Consider the following statements: (SLET 17th March 2024)
(a) Robert Dahl is associated with the Pluralist theory of the State.
(b) To the Marxist the Capitalist State is nothing but an instrument of class oppression.
(c) To the radical feminists the state power reflects a deeper structure of oppression in the form of Patriarchy.
(d) Ralph Miliband is the author of the book, 'Anarchy, State and Utopia'.
Which one of the statements given above is/are correct?
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2. Read the following statements in relation to the concept of 'dictatorship of proletariat' and choose the correct code: (TELANGANA SET 2023)
A. It implies the proletariat using the mechanisms of state violence to achieve its class aims.
B. State violence is used exactly the same way the aristocracy and bourgeoisie used the state during their own periods of hegemony to pursue their class needs
C. It withers away' rather than abolishes itself because the old social order does not necessarily give up easily.
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3. Read the following in relation to theory of surplus value and choose the correct code: (TELANGANA SET 2023)
A. The term 'surplus value' denotes the difference between labour and labour power.
B. It is the source both of profit and of capital accumulation.
C. Surplus value is produced no matter how long the working day is.
D. The longer the working day, the more surplus value extracted.
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4. Ecological Marxism is associated with: (GUJARAT SET 2019 DEC)
Ecological Marxism is a political ideology that combines Marxist anti-capitalism with ecology, anti-globalization, and pro-environment policies. It focuses on the relationship between the economy and ecology, and how capitalist relations treat nature as a source and sink. Eco-Marxists believe that capitalism's expansion through globalization is a major cause of environmental degradation, war, inequality, and poverty. They also believe that humans and nature are interconnected, and that nature should not be treated as a resource to be exploited for private benefit.
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5. Consider the following statements regarding Marxism. (JAMMU & KASHMIR SET JUNE 2022)
1. Marxism as a theoretical system developed out of and drew inspiration from the writings of Karl Marx.
2. A variety of Marxist traditions can be identified including 'Classical Marxism', 'Orthodox Marxism' or 'Dialectical Materialism' and 'Western', 'Modern' or 'Neo Marxism'.
3. The cornerstone Marxist Philosophy is the materialist conception of history.
4. The basis of Marxist tradition is Marx's teleological theory of history.
Choose the correct option from the combination given below
The basis of the Marxist tradition does heavily draw on Karl Marx's teleological theory of history, also known as historical materialism. This theory posits that the development of human societies is driven by material conditions and economic activities. Marx argued that history progresses through a series of stages shaped by the means and relations of production, leading from primitive communism to feudalism, capitalism, and ultimately, socialism and communism.
Marx's perspective is considered teleological because it implies a purpose or end goal to historical development—specifically, the culmination in a classless, stateless society (communism). This progression is seen as inevitable due to the contradictions within each economic system, particularly capitalism, which Marx believed would lead to its own downfall and be replaced by socialism as the working class gains consciousness and overthrows the capitalist structure.
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6. According to Marxism, International Politics is (RAJASTHAN SET 2012 PART 2)
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7. Ecological Marxism is associated with: (GUJARAT SET 2019 DECEMBER)
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Karl Marx's theory of societal evolution is rooted in his historical materialism, which focuses on the way material conditions, particularly the mode of production, drive the development of human societies. Marx argued that societies evolve through stages based on their economic systems and the class relations that emerge from them. The key stages in Marx’s theory of societal evolution are:
Marx’s theory of societal evolution is grounded in his belief that class struggles drive historical change. He argued that with each stage of society, new contradictions emerge that eventually lead to a revolution and the birth of a new social order, culminating in communism.
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11. According to Marxism, which among the following factors of production create value? (DU MA 2022)
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12. What does the concept Base mean in Classical Marxism? (DU MA 2018)
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13. In Marxian philosophy Mode of Production can be roughly equated with :- (DU MA 2018)
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14. Which of the following is true of Marxism:- (DU MA 2018)
a) Marx would have supported the liberal welfare state because it improved the condition of the proletariat.
b) Emancipation is impossible to achieve under capitalism.
c) Under capitalism, only the workers are alienated.
d) Capitalism is the system under which productive forces reach their peak.
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15. What does the concept Dialectic mean in Marxism? (DU MA 2018)
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16. The materialist conception of history views history. (DU MA 2018)
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17. The Miliband-Poulantzas debate entails to (CUET PG 2021)
The Miliband–Poulantzas debate was a debate between Marxist theorists Ralph Miliband and Nicos Poulantzas concerning the nature of the state in capitalist societies.
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18. 'Repressive state apparatus' is conceptualised by (CUET PG 2021)
The concept of the Repressive State Apparatus (RSA) was developed by French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser. The RSA is a form of power that uses violence, or "hard power". It is made up of the following: The army, The police, The judiciary, and The prison system.
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19. What is the correct order of primacy of the following layers of social structure according to the Materialistic Interpretation of History? (Presidency University Masters Entrance Questions 2017)
1. Relations of production
2. Ideology
3. Forces of production
4. Legal and Political organizations
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
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20. Which one of the following theories held that the State is a product and manifestation of the irreconcilability of class antagonisms? (Presidency University Masters Entrance Questions 2017)
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21. Who among the following compared revolution with fever ? (Himachal Pradesh SET 2017)
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22. Who among the following is known as the propounder of the Revisionist Marxism? (JAMMU & KASHMIR SET October 2023)
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23. Who said, "Functionalism can indeed be interpreted as a conscious alternative to Marxism"? (GUJARAT SET 2016 PAPER 3)
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24. Who authored the book Reading Capital? (GUJARAT SET 2016 PAPER 3)
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26. ‘পরিবার, ব্যক্তিগত সম্পত্তি ও রাষ্ট্রের উৎপত্তি' গ্রন্থে রাষ্ট্রের উৎপত্তি সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত বক্তব্য রয়েছে নিম্নলিখিত লেখকের লেখায়। (7TH SLST 2023)
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27. The Marxian Theory of surplus value is largely derived from the theory of (CUET PG 2024)
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28. In which text are the opening phrases "A spectre is haunting Europe .. " found ? (University of Hyderabad MA 2021)
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29. Which of the following theories of International Relations are not associated with the framework of Marxist theory? (JNU MA 2021)
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30. The concept of class refers to (DU MA 2020)
A. Economic endowments (human capital)
B. Cultural traits (symbolic capital)
B. Social connections (social capital)
C. Political influence (political capital)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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31. What was the aim of Marxist analyses of international relations? (DU MA 2020)
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32. Critical approaches to International Relations (DU MA 2021)
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33. "Capitalism constantly needed to expand into non-capitalist areas." Who made the above statement? (DU MA 2021)
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34. Consider the following in relation to the structural Marxism and choose correct code: (TELANGANA SET 2022)
1. The nature of international relations is shaped by the structure of the capitalist world economy.
2. There is a clear distinction between the national (inside) and the international (outside).
3. The state reflects the interest of dominant classes rather than the existence of a genuine ‘national interest'.
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35. Assertion (A): The international system is a structured pattern of behaviour among different states in accordance with certain rules and mechanisms of interaction.
Reason (R): Historically, powerful nations have shaped the international order through economic and political power, through alliances, colonial hegemonies, wars and such other methods, in order to perpetuate their influence. (TELANGANA SET 2022)
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36. Name the scholar who gave Neo-Gramiscian perspective of International Relations. (JAMMU & KASHMIR SET JUNE 2022)
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37. Maoism differs from other mainstream schools of Marxism because of its emphasis on: (GUJARAT SET 2011)
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38. Who among the following accepted the view that politics is the study of class struggle in society? (BHU MA 2014)
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39. 'Alienation theory" is associated with: (BHU MA 2019)
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40. Who said "Leninism is Marxism of the era of imperialism and of the proletarian revolution"? (NET June 2014 Paper II)
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41. Who among the following considers Marxism to be an ideology rather than a political theory? (NET July 2016 Paper II)
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42. Karl Marx, the founder of Marxism, formally was the citizen of which one of the following countries? (NET June 2019 Paper II)
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43. The author of "Capital in the Twenty-First Century" is (JMI M.A. 2016)
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44. Marxism believes that (JMI M.A. 2017)
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45. Concept of base and superstructure is associated with: (JMI M.A. 2019)
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46. Materialist conception of history to explain the law of human development was developed by? (JMI M.A. 2021-2022)
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47. Who wrote The Origin of Family, Private Property and the State? (PUMDET 2024)
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48. Which of the following statements is/are true? (WEST BENGAL SET DECEMBER 2023)
I. Marxism acknowledges the relative autonomy of the State.
II. Marxism considers the State as merely a tool of industrialists.
Codes:
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49. The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.' These words are found in: (MAHARASHTRA SET 2017 PAPER III)
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50. Marxism is considered as a Utopia but sabine finds this utopia _____ . (MAHARASHTRA SET 2018 PAPER III)
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51. Marxists hold that society is characterised by: (NET June 2024 Paper II)
A. Class conflict
B. Constant harmony
C. Irreconciliable conflict
D. Division between the rich and poor
E. Domination by the rich class
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52. Who among the following argued that ‘Man is working species’? (MAHARASHTRA SET 2019 PAPER II)
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53. Who addressed the problem of why women are oppressed in ‘The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884)’? (MAHARASHTRA SET 2023)
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54. The Marxists perceive international politics as: (KERALA SET 2013 DECEMBER)
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55. Who among the following opposed Marxism? (KERALA SET 2015 DECEMBER)
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56. “Marxism is an Utopia, but a generous and humane one” . Identify the author of this comment. (KERALA SET 2018 JULY)
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57. Who criticised Marxism as ‘reinforced dogmatism’? (KERALA SET 2018 FEBRUARY)
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58. Althuser is commonly referred to a: (KERALA SET 2022 JULY)
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59. Choose the correct statement. (Presidency University Masters Entrance Questions 2018)
Engels' work "Anti-Dühring," published in 1878, played a significant role in formulating and consolidating the principles of dialectical materialism.
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60. Consider the following statements with regard to Marxism. (KARNATAKA SET 2020 PAPER II)
1. Class structure is inherent to feudal society.
2. Matter is the essence of the universe.
3. Historical materialism represents the scientific basis.
4. Dialectical materialism represents the philosophical basis.
Select the correct answer.
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61. Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R). (KARNATAKA SET 2020 PAPER II)
Assertion (a): Structuralists make no distinction between the national and the international.
Reason (R): The State system is determined by the global capitalist system.
In the context of the above statements, which of the following is true?
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62. Who, quoting Tucker, said 'Marxism is beyond Justice'? (GUJARAT SET 2014 PAPER II)
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63. According to Marxism each historical epoch has its own (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)
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64. Herbert Marcuse uses the term 'A comfortable, smooth, reasonable, democratic unfreedom' for (DU MA 2021)
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65. Which of the following is not a correct match? (Himachal Pradesh SET 2017)
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66. Identify the correct chronological order in which the following approaches emerged: (NET December 2007)
(i) Philosophical Approach
(ii) Behavioural Approach
(iii) Marxist Approach
(iv) Systems Approach
The correct chronological order in which the following approaches emerged is as follows:
Thus, the correct chronological order is:
(i) Philosophical Approach → (iii) Marxist Approach → (ii) Behavioural Approach → (iv) Systems Approach.
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67. The critical theory is associated with the name of: (BHU MA 2014)
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68. Which one of the following ideas is integral to Marxism? (BHU MA 2016)
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69. Which one of the following ideas is integral to Marxism? (JMI M.A. 2016)
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70. Who among the following scholars are known to have propounded Critical Theory (DU MA 2020)
A. Theodor Adorno
B. Max Horkheimer
C. Herbert Marcuse
D. Eduard Bernstein
E.Jurgen Habermas
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71. Who among the following is associated with 'Mass Society' theories? (DU MA 2020)
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72. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? (SLET 2023)
(i) Dependency theory - Samir Amin
(ii) Theory of development - Lucian Pye
(iii) Theory of Alienation - Karl Marx
(iv) Theory of Negative Liberty - John Rawls
Correct answer:
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73. Identify the incorrect statements- (NET August 2024 Shift II)
A. Jacques Derrida wrote the book 'Specters of Marx'.
B. Deendayal Upadhyay opposed the idea of Integral Humanism.
C. Federalism was borrowed by the framers of Indian Constitution from British Constitution.
D. Asif Ali Zardari is the President of Pakistan,
E. Panchayati Raj system in India provided 45% reservation for women.
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74. As against Marx’s view that with the expansion of capitalism the middle class will vanish away, the first thinker to have given the idea that the middle class will not wither away and increasing pauperization of the proletariat will not take place, was (NET June 2011 Paper II)
The first thinker to challenge Marx’s view of the inevitable decline of the middle class and the increasing pauperization of the proletariat was Eduard Bernstein. Bernstein, a prominent revisionist within the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the late 19th century, argued that capitalism was not leading to the complete collapse of the middle class or an increase in proletarian misery as Marx predicted. Instead, he believed that capitalism was adaptable and could evolve to improve the conditions of the working class and expand the middle class.
Bernstein’s critique of Marx’s theory became known as revisionism, which proposed gradual reform rather than revolutionary change. His ideas were outlined in his work Evolutionary Socialism (1899).
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75. What is the difference between Liberal and Marxist views on freedom? (WB SET 2017 Paper II)
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76. Rawls rejects Marxism because (WB SET 2015 Paper III)
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77. Who says that a proper revolution should be restricted to the political and should not extend to the social? (NET December 2011 Paper II)
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78. Marxian view treats international politics as an extension of class war in (NET June 2011 Paper II)
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79. Who said, "Functionalism can indeed be interpreted as a conscious alternative to Marxism"? (NET December 2012 Paper II)
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80. The debate between structuralism and instrumentalism regarding the situation of advanced capitalist state took place between (WEST BENGAL SET 2015)
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81. Who wrote Dialectics of Nature? (WEST BENGAL SET 2022)
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82. The work Casino Capitalism is credited to (WEST BENGAL SET 2022)
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83. Which innovative concept was coined by Hamza Alavi? (WEST BENGAL SET DECEMBER 2023)
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84. "Primitive or primary accumulation of capital" refers to (WEST BENGAL SET JANUARY 2023)
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85. With reference to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of forms of capital, which notion is incorrect? (WEST BENGAL SET JANUARY 2023)
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86. The Marxist theory of development was essentially (Goa PSC 2020)
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87. Which Russian Marxist was assassinated in Mexico in 1940?
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88. Who among the following interpreted functionalism as an alternative approach to Marxism? (NET June 2012 Paper III)
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89. Ernnest Mandel a Marxist scholar is one of who argued about _________ bureaucracy. (KARNATAKA SET 2020 PAPER II)
1. Working class
2. Libertarian
3. Post capitalist
4. Fascist
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90. Who among the following advocated the concept of relative autonomy of State? (CUET PG 2024)
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91. Identify the correct sequence of the following writings of Marx: (WB SET 2015 Paper III)
(i) Contribution of the Critique of Political Economy
(ii) Poverty of Philosophy
(iii) Theses on Feuerbach
(iv) Communist Manifesto
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
The Correct Sequence is -
(iii) Theses on Feuerbach (1845)
(ii) Poverty of Philosophy (1847)
(iv) Communist Manifesto (1848)
(i) A Contribution of the Critique of Political Economy (1859)
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92. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below: (WB SET 2015 Paper III)
Assertion (A): Scientific socialism explains history in terms of class struggle.
Reasons (R): Class struggle takes place in the super-structure first.
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93. 'Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism'. Whose statement is this? (NET November 2021 Shift II)
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94. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2011 Paper II)
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95. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2011 Paper II)
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96. Identify the correct chronological order in which the following approaches emerged in comparative politics. (NET December 2011 Paper II)
(i) New Institutional Approach
(ii) Marxist Approach
(iii) Philosophical Approach
(iv) Behavioural Approach
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97. Karl Marx and Fredric Engels co-authored: (JMI M.A. 2016)
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98. Political economy approach is supported by: (GUJARAT SET JANUARY 2002)
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99. Which of the following statements are CORRECT about Marx's concept of historical materialism? (CUET PG 2024)
(A). The term historical materialism refers to the materialist conception of history.
(B). Engels credited Marx with being the originator of historical materialism.
(C). Marx contends that the political structure of society, constituted by its relations of production is the real foundation of society.
(D). The society's relations of production 'corresponds to a definite stage of development of material productive forces'.
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100. Which among the following books was written jointly by Marx and Engels?
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