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Created by Dr. S. H. Sarkar

University of Hyderabad Unit 5: International Relations

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1. G-20 refers to (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2011)

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2. The present (2024) Secretary General of the United Nations is (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2011)

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3. 'Bretton Woods Twins' refers to (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2011)

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4. "Treaty of Versailles' followed: (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2011)

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5. Which among the following countries was NOT a member of League of Nations? (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2011)

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6. The UN Human Rights Council passed a resolution on human rights violations against which one of the following South Asian countries? (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2012)

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7. Which one of the following countries is not a member of BRICS? (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2012)

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8. What is the term of a Non-Permanent Member in Security Council of the United Nations? (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2013)

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9. Which among the following is a specialized agency of the United Nations? (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2013)

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10. IMF provides loans to (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2013)

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11. The Cold War led to (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2013)

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12. G-20 deals with (University of Hyderabad M.A. 2013)

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13. Poverty amounts to a lack of freedom, if (University of Hyderabad MA 2016)

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14. A society in which one can "hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in the evening, criticize after dinner...", was visualized by (University of Hyderabad MA 2016)

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15. The Versailles Treaty signed 1919 led to (University of Hyderabad MA 2016)

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16. Paris Conference (2015) was on (University of Hyderabad MA 2016)

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17. Which of the following sets of countries are not members of the European Union? (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

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18. Which of the following organizations was established with 'Collective Security' as its core  principle?  (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

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19. Arrange the following organisations by their year of establishment in chronological order:  (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

I. SAARC

II. EU

III. NAFTA

IV. ASEAN

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20. Which among the following statements are true? (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

I. UN Security Council has 15 members.

II. UN Security Council has 10 Non-permanent members.

III. UN Security Council is always headad by a permanent member.

IV. UN Security Council Non-permanent members change once every 3 years.

V. UN Security Council meets twice in a year.

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21. Identify the sequence of the following Cold War events: (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)  

I. Bay of Pigs Invasion

II. Korean Crisis

III. Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan

IV. Glasnost and Perestroika

V. Oil Embargo

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22. Match correctly the following titles of books with the names of authors: (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

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23. Arrange the following treaties/treaty bodies in chronological order in which they were  signed/established: (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

I. United Nations

II. Leagne of Nations

III. Warsaw Pact

IV. NATO

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24. Which among the following are explicitly included in the Universal Declaration of Human  Rights?  (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

I. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

II. Slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

III. Everyone has the right to a nationality.

IV. Everyone has a right to compensation against violence.

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25. When citizens delegate their decision-making powers to their representatives, it means: (University of Hyderabad MA 2020)

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26. Match the following titles of books to the names of the corresponding authors: (University of Hyderabad Ph.D 2020)

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27. While presenting a critique of Neorealism, who made the case for 'Subaltern Realism'? (University of Hyderabad Ph.D 2020)

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28. Passage II: Read the passages given below and answer the questions No. 28-31

Over the past few years there has been increasing discussion about India and its 'soft power' although the term is often used loosely. State power, according to Nye, is the ability to influenc the behavior of other states in order to secure desired outcomes (Nye 2004). A state can coerce other states with force, threats, and bribes, or induce consent. According to Nye, a country's soft power rests on three main resources: 'its culture (in places where it is attractive to others), its political values (when it lives up to them at home and abroad), and its foreign policies (when others see them as legitimate and having moral authority)' (Nye 2011: 84).

Soft power thus can influence the preferences and behavior of other states through seduction. Moreover, with the diffusion of power and the rising power of non-state actors in the twenty-first century, the use of hard power for economic and even geostrategic gain is often too costly relative to the anticipated gains. A vibrant and open culture, values such as democracy, respect for human ghts, guarantees of a free press, and a foreign policy seen as just are factors that are deeply seductive. However, soft power is largely intangible and hard to ;ape by the policies of govemments. Soft power resources often lie beyond the conhol of govemments and perform their magic indirectly, often taking yeais to bolster a country,s image (Nye 2004; Codevilla 2008).

India's soft-power resources have changed dramatically over the past 25 years, partjcularly since the tum of the century. India has a very old culture, hosted severar of the world,s oldest civilizations, is the birthplace ofHinduism and Buddhism, the home of yoga and of approaches to altemative medicines, contributed the idea of zero, and the decimal system to mathematics, and has made large contributions to other sciences, including astronomy, but these achievements werc unhamessed. More recently, Bolllvood has risen to produce more movies than any other country in the world and has the highest number oftheater admissions, as well as ranking among the top ten countries in tems of box office revenue in US dollars.

Similarly, India's democratic political values, even after lgmonth emergency under Indira Gandhi in the 1970s, are globally attractive. India,s democracy is the largest in the world and has endured despite the country,s lower-middle income status. Indeed, India’s ability to sustain democracy in spite of its economic limitations is particulatly impressive to other developing countries which often find the political models of the industrialized countries remote due to their wealth.

Foreign policy has also formed part of India,s soft power appeal. Indian foreign policy, in the decades after independence, sought to forge a policy that navigated between th; two Cold War superpowers, co-founding the Non-Aligned Movement and becoming a founding member of the United Nations. Though Indian foreign policy by the 1970s was more closely itigned with the Soviet Union, from which it subsequently procured much of its military hardware, it remained active in trying to articulate a policy separate from that of either superpower.

(Source: Rani D. Mullen, .,India,s Soft power,', in The Oxford Handbook of Indian foreign Policy, eds. David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan and S nath Raghavan. 2015. New york: Oxford University Press, p. 190.)

Q. On which of the following attributes is soft power based according to Prof. Joseph Nye? (University of Hyderabad Ph.D 2020)

I. Cultural values

II. Political Values

III. Foreign policies

IV. Check-book diplomacy

Choose the correct option from the following:

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29. Arrange the following GATT/WTO rounds in a chronological order starting with the earliest: (University of Hyderabad M.Phil 2020)

I. Geneva Dillon Round

II. Doha Round

III. Uruguay Round

IV. Tokyo Round

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30. Passage 1: Read the passages given below and answer the questions 24-27

The first and most important thing to note about feminism is that there is no one feminist theory; there are many kinds of feminism. However, the different approaches are united by their focus on the construction of differences between 'women' and 'men' in the context of hierarchy and power and the highly contingent understandings of masculinity and femininity that these power relations produce. Indeed, the very categories of 'women' and 'men' and the concepts of masculinity and femininity, are highly contested in much feminist research. Some feminist theories assume natural and biological (i.e. sex) differences between men and women. Some do not. However, what all of the most interesting work in this field does is analyse how gender both affects world politics and is an effect of world politics; in other words, how different concepts (such as the state or sovereignty) are gendered and, in turn, how this gendering of concepts can have differential consequences for 'men' and 'women'. Some feminists look at the ways in which women are excluded from power and prevented from playing a full part in political activity. They examine how women have been restricted to roles critically important for the functioning of things (such as reproductive economies) but that are not usually deemed to be important for the theories of world politics. Other feminists argue that the cause of women's inequality is to be found in the capitalist system; overthrowing capitalism is the necessary route for the achievement of the equal treatment of women. 'Standpoint feminist' identify how women, as a particular class by virtue of their sex rather than economic standing (although the two were related), possess a unique perspective - or standpoint - on world politics as a result of their subordination. For example, in an important early essay, J. Ann Tickner (1988) reformulated the famous 'Six principles of political realism' developed by the 'godfather of Realism, Hans J. Morgenthau. Tickner showed how the seemingly 'objective' rules of realism actually reflect hegemonic 'male' values and definitions of reality. As a riposte, Tickner reformulated these same rules taking women's experiences as the starting point. Post- colonial feminists work at the intersection of class, race, and gender on a global scale and especially analyse the gendered effects of transnational culture and the unequal division of labour in the global political economy. From this perspective, it is not good enough to simply demand (as some feminists do) that men and women should have equal rights in a Western- style democracy. Such a move ignores the way in which poor women of colour in the global South remain subordinated by the global economic system: a system that liberal feminists were too slow to challenge in a systemic way.

[Source: John Baylis, Steve Smith and Patricia Owens, (2014) The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, New York, Oxford University Press, pp.7-8]

Which of the following can be an appropriate title for this passage?  (University of Hyderabad M.Phil 2020)

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31. Passage 3: Read the passages given below and answer the questions No. 32-35

UN support for the rights of women began with the Organization's founding Charter.  Among the purposes ofthe UN declared in Article I of its Ch~rter is "To achieve  international co-operation ... in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights  and for fondamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or  religion." Within the UN's first year, the Economic and Social Council established  its Commission on the Status of Women, as the principal global policy-making body dedicated exclusively to gender equality 'and advancement of women. Among its  earliest accomplishments was ensuring gender neutral language in the draft Universal  Declaration of Human Rights. The landmark Declaration, adopted by the General  Assembly on 10 December 1948, reaffirms that "All human beings are born free and  equal in dignity and rights" and that "everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race,  colour, sex, language, religion, ... birth or other status."

As the international feminist movement began to gain momentum during the 1970s,  the General Assembly declared 1975 as the International Women's Year and organized  the first World Conference on Women, held in Mexico City. At the urging of the  Conference, it subsequently declared the years 1976-1985 as the UN Decade for Women, and established a Voluntary Fund for Decade. In 1979, the General Assembly  adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against  Women (CEDAW), which is often described as an International Bill of Rights for  Women. In its 30 articles, the Convention explicitly defines discrimination against  women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination. The  Convention targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and  family relations, and it is the first human rights treaty to affirm the reproductive rights  of women.

Five years after the Mexico City conference, a Second World Conference on Women  was held in Copenhagen in 1980. The resulting Programme of Action called for  stronger national measures to ensure women's ownership and control of property, as  well as iniprovements in women's rights with respect to inheritance, child custody and  loss of nationality. In 1985, the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and  Peace, was held in Nairobi. It was convened at a time when the movement for gender  equality had finally gained true global recognition, and 15,000 representatives of non governmental organizations (NGOs) participated in'a parallel NGO Forum. The event was described by many as "the birth of global feminism". Realizing that the goals of  the Mexico City Conference had not been adequately met, the 157 participating governments adopted the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies to the Year 2000. The  document broke new ground by declaring all issues to be women's issues.

[United Nations, Gender Equality. https://www.un.org!en/sections/issues]

The aim of a gender neutral language is to: (University of Hyderabad M.Phil 2019)

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32. 'Rohingya refugee crisis' involves (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

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33. 'Detente' implies (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

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34. 'Treaty of Versailles' is connected to (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

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35. Collective Security is associated with (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

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36. Zero-sum-game in International Relations refers to (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

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37. Which of the following concepts are key to Realism (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

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38. Realists place primary emphasis on (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

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39. Which of the following is not an African regional organisation? (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

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40. The Mandate System was introduced by (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

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41. '38th Parallel' is the boundary line that demarcates (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

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42. India is not a full member of (University of Hyderabad MA 2018)

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43. The African Union has not been very effective against: (University of Hyderabad MA 2019)

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44. Passage 4: Read the passage and answer the questions No. 89-94

In recent years, there has been a new wave of democratization process globally and the African continent is witnessing a new drive towards the promotion of democracy and good governance. From the North, to the East, South and West of Africa, authoritarian regimes are giving way to democratic governments. The new drive towards democracy and good governance is contently sweeping through Africa like a wild bushfire and many African countries recently transitioned from authoritarian to democratic forms of governance in consonance with the global trend. Elections have been an integral part of the democratization process globally as they are an institutionalized attempt at actualizing the essence of democracy, that is, rule of the people, by the people, and for the people. However, many of Africa's democratic elections have been marred with extreme controversy and violence. Compton, massive rigging, ballot box snatching and political violence, and the winner takes all syndrome has impacted negatively on the democratic process.

In many African countries, violent protests mark the proclamation of election results. Peaceful handover to opposition parties by the ruling party is rare, while many rulers have become life presidents. There is a general apathy of the electorate to elections as a majority of the people especially those in the rural areas view the state as having little or no relevance to them. This is resultant from the failure of the state to provide social security or any form of social citizenship and has thus alienated a majority of the populace. Commified to the promotion of the universal values and principles of democracy, good governance, human rights and the right to development and determined to promote and strengthen good governance through the institutionalization of transparency, accountability and participatory democracy, the African Union adopted the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (the Charter). The African Union has worked towards achieving credible, free and fair elections for sustainable democratic governance. But in spite of the Charter, the ideals of democratic conceft have been continually flouted by most African states without appropriate sanctions by the African Union.

[Oluwakemi Ayanleye, 'Elections as a Tool of Democratization in Africa', International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2014]

The author sees democracy and good governance in Africa as part of a: (University of Hyderabad MA 2019)

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45. A non-violent nation will safeguard  (University of Hyderabad MA 2021)

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46. Who among the following was appointed as WHO's first Chief Scientist?  (University of Hyderabad MA 2021)

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47. Which country upholds disarmament as a constitutional principle? (University of Hyderabad MA 2021)

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48. Which of the following is true about the idea of dharmanirpeksheta?  (University of Hyderabad MA 2021)

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49. Paris Agreement (2015) is associated with  (University of Hyderabad MA 2021)

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