Created by

Dr. S. H. Sarkar

NET YEAR WISE

NET December 2008

1 / 50

1. The first systematic Indian political theory can be found in: (NET December 2008)

(A) The Vedas

(B) The Arthashastra

(C) The Sukra Niti Sara

(D) The Bhagavad Gita

2 / 50

2. The idea of the cave and shadows is associated with: (NET December 2008)

(A) Socrates

(B) Democrates

(C) Plato

(D) Aristotle

3 / 50

3. Who said that some men are ruled by force and some others by law? (NET December 2008)

(A) Marx

(B) Lenin

(C) Hegel

(D) Machiavelli

4 / 50

4. Who propounded the idea of 'felicific calculus'? (NET December 2008)

(A) Machiavelli

(B) Hobbes

(C) Bentham

(D) Locke

5 / 50

5. The theory of contradictions was propounded by: (NET December 2008)

(A) Mao

(B) Hobbes

(C) Mill

(D) Locke

6 / 50

6. The problem of 'minority opinion' was tackled by: (NET December 2008)

(A) Hobbes

(B) Locke

(C) Marx

(D) Rousseau

7 / 50

7. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): Nozic was a libertarian

Reason (R): Nozic stood for individual liberty and just property.

Which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is false but (R) is true.

(D) (A) is true but (R) is false.

8 / 50

8. Assertion (A): Post behavioralism consisted of normative element.

Reason (R): Easton conceded relevance of values in political analysis.

Which one of the following is correct? (NET December 2008)

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true and (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false and (R) is true.

9 / 50

9. Identify the order in which the following occurred: (NET December 2008)

(i) The Russian Revolution

(ii) The American Revolution

(iii) The French Revolution

(iv) The Glorious Revolution

(A) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)

(B) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)

(C) (i), (ii), (i), (iv)

(D) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii)

10 / 50

10. Match the List-I with the List-II: (NET December 2008)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

11 / 50

11. Who among the following liberated political development from socio-economic modernisation? (NET December 2008)

(A) Gabriel Almond

(B) Lucian Pye

(C) W. W. Rostow

(D) Samuel Huntington

12 / 50

12. Who among the following described elites as "speculators" and "rentiers"? (NET December 2008)

(A) Pareto

(B) Mosca

(C) Michels

(D) Gasset

13 / 50

13. In communications theory, the ability to act in response to forced consequences is called: (NET December 2008)

(A) Gain

(B) Lead

(C) Load

(D) Lag

14 / 50

14. Who among the following talks of pseudo pressure (NET December 2008)

(A) Duverger

(B) Jean Blondel

(C) Almond

(D) V. O. Key

15 / 50

15. Which one of the following books was authored by David Easton? (NET December 2008)

(A) A systems Analysis of Political Life

(B) The Politics of the Developing Area

(C) Modern Political Analysis

(D) The Nerves of Government

16 / 50

16. The behavioural critics of Max Weber's model of bureaucracy are: (NET December 2008)

(i) Robert Marton

(ii) Crozier

(iii) Fred Riggs

(iv) Karl Deutsch

Select the correct answer from the code given below:

(A) (i) (ii) (iv)

(B) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(C) (ii) (iv)

(D) (i) (ii) (iii)

17 / 50

17. Which of the following statements are true about the British Parliamentary System? (NET December 2008)

(i) The Queen always acts on the advice of the Cabinet

(ii) The Cabinet functions on the principle of collective responsiblity.

(iii) The Parliament can make laws on any subject

(iv) The Courts can declare a law unconstitutional.

Select the correct answer from the code below:

(A) (i) (ii) and (iv)

(B) (ii) (iii) and (iv)

(C) (i) (ii) and (iii)

(D) (i) (iii) and (iv)

18 / 50

18. Given below are the two statements one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): Political socialisation is the process by which political cultures are maintained and changed.

Reason (R): Family, School, Peer groups, experiences during employment, mass media and direct contact with political system are the main agents of the process of socialisation

Code:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

19 / 50

19. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R): (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): The U.S. Supreme Court is more powerfull than the Supreme Court of India in the exercise of power of judicial review.

Reason (R): The U.S. Supreme Court follows the principle of 'due process of law.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

20 / 50

20. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below: (NET December 2008)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

21 / 50

21. Anti-defection law was placed in: (NET December 2008)

(A) the Preamble

(B) the fundamental rights chapter in the constitu

(C) 6th Schedule of the constitution

(D) 10th Schedule of the constitution

22 / 50

22. Who votes in the election of the Vice-President? Choose the correct answer from the following. (NET December 2008)

(A) Members of the Legislative Assemblies

(B) Members of the Legislative Councils

(C) Elected Members of Parliament

(D) Elected and Nominated Members of Parliament

23 / 50

23. Which of the following terms is not incorporated in the Constitution? (NET December 2008)

(A) Secular

(B) Federal

(C) Democratic

(D) Socialist

24 / 50

24. The Supreme Court in India: (NET December 2008)

(i) has original but not appellate jurisdictions

(ii) appoints the Attorney General of India

(iii) has exclusive jurisdiction in disputes between Union and the States

(iv) enforces fundamental rights

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

Codes:

(A) (i) and (iii)

(B) (iii) and (iv)

(C) (iii) and (ii)

(D) (iv) and (i)

25 / 50

25. National Commission to Review the Constitution was formed during the Prime Ministership of: (NET December 2008)

(A) Morarji Desai

(B) V.P. Singh

(C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee

(D) Manmohan Singh

26 / 50

26. Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): Nehru said that it is crime against man and God to submit to anybody's rule.

Reason (R): Individuals are not born equal.

Choose the correct answer from the following:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

27 / 50

27. Given below are two statement, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): Economic Development reduces the significance of parochial ties by the creation of non-parochial economic loyalties.

Reason (R): Sectarian strifes have increasingly got aggravated.

Choose the correct answer from the following:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

28 / 50

28. Arrange the following in chronological order and use the codes given below: (NET December 2008)

(i) Kesavananda Bharati Case

(ii) Golok Nath Case

(iii) Minerva Mills case

(iv) Sajjan Singh case

(A) (i) (i) (iv) (i)

(B) (i) (iv) (ii) (ii)

(C) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)

(D) (ii) (iv) (i) (i)

29 / 50

29. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2008)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

30 / 50

30. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2008)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

31 / 50

31. Which is the correct sequential order of the following stages in the appointment of Civil Servants? (NET December 2008)

(i) Induction

(ii) Advertisement

(iii) Viva-Voce

(iv) Written Examination

(A) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

(B) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(C) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

(D) (iv) (i) (ii) (i)

32 / 50

32. The Word "Bureaucracy" was first coined by: (NET December 2008)

(A) Max Weber

(B) Karl Marx

(C) Vincent de Gaurnay

(D) Spencer

33 / 50

33. Who represents the Government while presenting the budget to Parliament? (NET December 2008)

(A) Prime Minister

(B) The Finance Minister

(C) The Speaker of Lok Sabha

(D) The Chairman of Rajya Sabha

34 / 50

34. In India, the Office of the Lokpal was suggested in 1966 on the basis recommendations of the: (NET December 2008)

(A) Administrative Reforms Commission

(B) Planning Commission

(C) Law Commission

(D) Finance Commission

35 / 50

35. Which one of the following functions is performed by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India? (NET December 2008)

(A) Presentation and sanction of the Budget

(B) Execution of the Budget

(C) National Accounting

(D) Audit

36 / 50

36. The emoluments and allowances of the President of India are charged on the: (NET December 2008)

(A) Consolidated Fund of India

(B) Contingency Fund of India

(C) Public Accounts Fund

(D) Treasury

37 / 50

37. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): State Governments are obliged to appoint a State Finance Commission

Reason (R): The quantum of money to be paid annually by the State Governments to the local bodies is determined by the State Finance Commission.

In the context of the above two statements which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

38 / 50

38. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): Delegation is a functional imperative for all types of Organisations.

Reason (R): The Chief Executive cannot provide effective leadership without sufficient powers.

In the context of the above two statements which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

39 / 50

39. Match List-I with List-II and give the answer by using the codes given below: (NET December 2008)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

40 / 50

40. What is Herbert A Simon's approach to the study of Public Administration? (NET December 2008)

(A) Behavioural approach

(B) Structural approch

(C) Institutional approach

(D) Philosophical approach

41 / 50

41. Which one of the following chapters of the United Nations Charter is a counterpart to Article 16 of the Covenant of the League of Nation? (NET December 2008)

(A) Chapter V

(B) Chapter VI

(C) Chapter VII

(D) Chapter VIII

42 / 50

42. According to Hans Margenthan, the patterns of balance of power are: (NET December 2008)

(i) the pattern of direct opposition

(ii) the pattern of competition

(iii) the pattern of support

(iv) the pattern of mutual trust

Choose the correct answer from the code given below:

(A) (i) and (ii) are correct

(B) (i) (ii) and (iii) are correct

(C) (iii) and (iv) are correct

(D) (i) (ii), (iv) are correct

43 / 50

43. Arrange the following in chronological order as these emerged: (NET December 2008)

(i) NAM

(ii) WTO

(iii) New International Economic Order

(iv) SAPTA

Codes:

(A) (iv) (iii)

(B) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)

(C) (ii) (ii) (iv) (i)

(D) (ii) (iv) (i) (i)

44 / 50

44. Which one of the following is not considerd an instrument for promotion of National Interest? (NET December 2008)

(A) Propaganda

(B) War

(C) International Law

(D) Diplomacy

45 / 50

45. Which one of the following countries is not signatory to the NPT? (NET December 2008)

(A) UK.

(B) U. S. A

(C) France

(D) India

46 / 50

46. SAARC Secretariat is located (NET December 2008)

(A) New Delhi

(B) Islamabad

(C) Dhaka

(D) Kathmandu

47 / 50

47. Which is the largest trade partner of India? (NET December 2008)

(A) ASEAN

(B) APEC

(C) OIC

(D) EU

48 / 50

48. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R): (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): Peacekeeping freezes hostilities rather than resolves them.

Reason (R): Peacekeeping is not even mentioned in the U.N. charter.

Choose the correct answer from the following:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true and (R) is false

(D) (A) is false and (R) is true

49 / 50

49. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). (NET December 2008)

Assertion (A): It is not the idealism but national interests that shape the foreign policy of a country.

Reason (R): USA has often been supporting dictatorial regimes.

In the context of the above two statements which one of the following is correct?

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

50 / 50

50. Match List-I with List-II in context of the events and regimes of the Prime Ministers. Select correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2008)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Indo–US Civil Nuclear Cooperation (2005–2008)

The Indo–US Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, commonly known as the India–US Nuclear Deal or the 123 Agreement, is one of the most significant milestones in India's post-Cold War foreign policy.

It ended India's long-standing nuclear isolation and enabled international civil nuclear cooperation despite India being a non-signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

Background

India conducted Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, after which several countries imposed sanctions.
Relations between India and the United States improved significantly under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and later under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
The agreement recognized India's responsible nuclear record while allowing civil nuclear cooperation without requiring India to join the NPT as a non-nuclear-weapon state.

Timeline

18 July 2005

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and U.S. President George W. Bush issued the Joint Statement in Washington, D.C.
The United States agreed to work towards full civil nuclear cooperation with India.

2006

The U.S. Congress passed the Hyde Act, enabling civilian nuclear cooperation with India.

2007

India and the United States finalized the 123 Agreement (under Section 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act).

2008

Three major milestones were achieved:

India concluded a Safeguards Agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) granted India a special waiver, permitting nuclear trade despite its non-membership in the NPT.
The 123 Agreement entered into force after approval by both countries.

Main Features

Allowed civil nuclear trade between India and the United States.
India agreed to separate civilian and military nuclear facilities.
India's civilian nuclear facilities were placed under IAEA safeguards.
India retained its strategic (military) nuclear programme outside IAEA safeguards.
The United States agreed to facilitate nuclear fuel, reactors, and technology for peaceful purposes.

Significance

1. Ended India's Nuclear Isolation

India gained access to global nuclear commerce after decades of restrictions.

2. Strengthened India–US Strategic Partnership

Marked a turning point in bilateral relations.

3. Energy Security

Enabled imports of nuclear fuel and reactors to support electricity generation.

4. International Recognition

India was accepted as a responsible nuclear power despite remaining outside the NPT.

5. Access to Global Nuclear Markets

Opened opportunities for cooperation with countries such as France, Russia, Canada, Australia, and Japan.

Criticisms

Some argued that the agreement could affect India's strategic autonomy.
Concerns were raised regarding dependence on imported nuclear fuel and technology.
Debate continued over the implications of the Hyde Act and future nuclear testing.

__________________

Tashkent Declaration (1966)

Tashkent Declaration was signed on 10 January 1966 in Tashkent (then part of the Soviet Union) after the 1965 India–Pakistan War.

Signatories

Lal Bahadur Shastri
Ayub Khan

Mediator

Alexei Kosygin (USSR)

Background

The 1965 India–Pakistan War was fought mainly over Kashmir.
The war ended with a UN-sponsored ceasefire on 23 September 1965.
The Soviet Union invited both countries to Tashkent to negotiate a peace settlement.

Main Provisions of the Tashkent Declaration

Withdrawal of Armed Forces
- Both countries agreed to withdraw their troops to the positions held before 5 August 1965.
Restoration of Diplomatic Relations
- Diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations were to be restored.
Non-Interference
- Both sides agreed not to interfere in each other's internal affairs.
Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
- India and Pakistan agreed to resolve disputes through peaceful means.
Return of Prisoners of War
- Both countries agreed to facilitate the repatriation of prisoners and civilians.
Promotion of Friendly Relations
- Both governments agreed to work toward improving bilateral relations and reducing tensions.

Significance

Formally ended the 1965 India–Pakistan War.
Marked an important example of Soviet mediation in South Asian diplomacy during the Cold War.
Helped restore diplomatic relations between India and Pakistan.

Important Exam Fact

Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died in Tashkent on 11 January 1966, just hours after signing the declaration.

_________________

Shimla Agreement (1972)

Shimla Agreement was signed on 2 July 1972 at Shimla (India) between:

Indira Gandhi
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

It was signed after the 1971 India–Pakistan War, which resulted in the creation of Bangladesh.

Main Provisions

Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
- India and Pakistan agreed to settle all disputes through bilateral negotiations or other peaceful means.
- No third-party mediation was envisaged unless mutually agreed.
Respect for Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity
- Both countries agreed to respect each other's:
  - Sovereignty
  - Territorial integrity
  - Political independence
  - Non-interference in internal affairs.
Renunciation of Force
- Both sides agreed not to threaten or use force against each other.
Line of Control (LoC)
- The 1971 ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir was converted into the Line of Control (LoC).
- Both countries agreed to respect the LoC without attempting to alter it unilaterally.
Normalization of Relations
- Steps were agreed for:
  - Restoration of diplomatic relations.
  - Resumption of communications, trade, and travel.
  - Promotion of friendly relations.
Withdrawal of Troops
- Armed forces were to withdraw to their respective international borders after the war.
Prisoners of War (POWs)
- Both countries agreed to work towards the repatriation of prisoners of war and civilians. (The detailed implementation followed through the 1973 Delhi Agreement.)

_____________________

Panchsheel Principles (1954) – Jawaharlal Nehru

CUET PG / UGC-NET / SET Exam Notes

The Panchsheel Principles are the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, jointly formulated by India and China in 1954. They became one of the foundational principles of India's foreign policy under Jawaharlal Nehru.

The principles were incorporated into the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse Between the Tibet Region of China and India, signed on 29 April 1954.

Signatories

India: Jawaharlal Nehru
China: Zhou Enlai

The Five Principles (Panchsheel)

Mutual respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Mutual non-aggression.
Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
Equality and mutual benefit.
Peaceful coexistence.

Background

India was among the first countries to recognize the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1950.
In 1954, India and China signed the Tibet Agreement, incorporating the Panchsheel principles.
The slogan "Hindi-Chini Bhai Bhai" symbolized the spirit of friendship during this period.

Significance

1. Foundation of India's Foreign Policy

Reinforced India's commitment to peaceful coexistence and respect for sovereignty.

2. Influence on the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

Panchsheel became one of the guiding principles of the Non-Aligned Movement and influenced relations among newly independent Asian and African countries.

3. Promotion of Peaceful Coexistence

Encouraged resolving disputes through dialogue rather than force.

4. Afro-Asian Solidarity

The principles received wider international recognition at the Bandung Conference (1955).

Limitations

The 1962 Sino–Indian War severely damaged confidence in Panchsheel.
Critics argued that China violated the principles of:
- Mutual non-aggression
- Respect for territorial integrity
- Peaceful coexistence

Despite this, Panchsheel continues to be cited in India's diplomatic discourse.

Panchsheel vs. Non-Alignment

Panchsheel	Non-Alignment
Introduced in 1954	Formalized at the Belgrade Summit (1961)
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence	Foreign policy of not joining military blocs
Initially formulated by India and China	Led by India, Egypt, Yugoslavia, Indonesia, and Ghana
Focus on bilateral/inter-state relations	Focus on Cold War international politics

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Explanation:

Indo–US Civil Nuclear Cooperation (2005–2008)

Background

Timeline

18 July 2005

2006

2007

2008

Main Features

Significance

1. Ended India's Nuclear Isolation

2. Strengthened India–US Strategic Partnership

3. Energy Security

4. International Recognition

5. Access to Global Nuclear Markets

Criticisms

Tashkent Declaration (1966)

Signatories

Mediator

Background

Main Provisions of the Tashkent Declaration

Significance

Important Exam Fact

Shimla Agreement (1972)

Main Provisions

Panchsheel Principles (1954) – Jawaharlal Nehru

CUET PG / UGC-NET / SET Exam Notes

Signatories

The Five Principles (Panchsheel)

Background

Significance

1. Foundation of India's Foreign Policy

2. Influence on the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

3. Promotion of Peaceful Coexistence

4. Afro-Asian Solidarity

Limitations

Panchsheel vs. Non-Alignment