Ecological Approach in Public Administration - Political Science Coaching Centre

Created by

Dr. S. H. Sarkar

Ecological Approach in Public Administration

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1. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below: (GUJARAT SET DEC 2003)

A

B

C

D

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2. Match the following: (GUJARAT SET JULY 2006)

A

B

C

D

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3. The basic features of a prismatic society according to Riggs are

(i) Formalism

(ii) Heterogeneity

(iii) Overlapping

(iv) Universalism (GUJARAT SET JULY 2006)

(A) only (i) and (ii) are correct

(B) only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct

(C) only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

(D) All four are correct

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4. Match the books in List-I with the Authors in List-II and select the correct answer: (GUJARAT SET 2013 PAPER II)

A

B

C

D

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5. Arrange the following stages in the evolution of public administration as a discipline in the chronological order: (GUJARAT SET 2014 PAPER III)

(1) Principles Approach

(2) Public Policy Approach

(3) Administrative Behaviour

(4) Politics-Administration Dichotomy

(5) Ecological Approach

(A) (4), (1), (5), (3), (2)

(B) (4), (1), (3), (2), (5)

(C) (4), (1), (3), (5), (2)

(D) (4), (1), (2), (3), (5)

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6. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the given codes: (GUJARAT SET 2016 PAPER II)

A

B

C

D

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7. 'Clects' is which sub-system of Riggs' prismatic society: (GUJARAT SET 2016 PAPER III)

(A) Social System

(B) Administrative System

(C) Economic System

(D) Political System

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8. Who among the following is the author of the book "Ecology of Public Administration"? (GUJARAT SET 2021 DEC)

(A) Robert Dahl

(B) Ferrel Heady

(C) Fred W. Riggs

(D) Max Weber

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9. In the Rigg's model of administration, he classified two types, viz the ‘agraria'and the 'industria'. Identify the one from the following which is not either? (KARNATAKA SET 2014 PAPER II)

(A) Simple and stable occupational differentiation

(B) High degree of social mobility

(C) Hierarchical structure of personal and authority in a formal organization

(D) Prevalence of voluntary organisations performing specific functions

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10. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the list: (KARNATAKA SET 2017 PAPER II)

A

B

C

D

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11. Which one of the following is not the characterization of a Prismatic Society? (KERALA SET 2017 FEB)

A) Polynormativism

B) Overlapping

C) Institutionalisation

D) Elite Domination

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12. The theory of “Prismatic Society” is based on (KERALA SET 2021 JULY)

A) Historical studies of public administration in different societies.

B) Study of public services in developed and developing countries

C) Institutional comparison of public administration in developed countries.

D) Structural-functional analysis of public administration in developing countries

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13. The ‘Prismatic Sala Model’ is associated with: (KERALA SET 2022 JULY)

A) Frank Goodnow

B) Luther Gulick

C) F.W Riggs

D) Henry Fayol

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14. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the list: (MAHARASHTRA SET 2017 PAPER II)

A

B

C

D

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15. Public Administration has evolved through various stages. Arrange the following stages chronologically: (MAHARASHTRA SET 2023 MARCH 26TH)

(1) Principles Approach

(2) Public Policy Approach

(3) Administrative Behaviour Approach

(4) Politics-Administration Dichotomy

(5) Ecological Approach

Codes:

(A) (4) (1) (5) (3) (2)

(B) (4) (1) (3) (2) (5)

(C) (4) (1) (3) (5) (2)

(D) (4) (2) (5) (1) (3)

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16. Match List I (Theorists) with List II(Ideas, Arguments) and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (MAHARASHTRA SET 2019 PAPER II)

A

B

C

D

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17. Which of the following statements are true in Ecological Approach? (NET March 2023 Shift 1)

A. The term 'ecology' has Greek roots.

B. Ernst Haeckel coined the term 'ecology'.

C. Andrew Dobson makes a distinction between environmentalism and ecologism.

D. Green ideology debate is a 16th century debate.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. (A), (B), (C) only

2. (B). (C) only

3. (C), (D) only

4. (A). (D) only

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18. Rigg's Fused model is based on:

(A) dependence on agriculture

(B) attainment value in society

(C) domination of royal family

(D) economic system based on barter system

Choose the right option: (NET December 2019 Paper II)

(a) (A), (C), (D)

(b) (A), (B)

(c) (B), (C), (D)

(d) (A), (B), (C)

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19. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below: (NET 2018 Paper II July)

A

B

C

D

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20. Arrange the following phases in the evolution of public administration as a discipline in chronological order using the codes given below:

(A) Ecological approach

(B) Principles approach

(C) Politics-Administration dichotomy

(D) Public Policy approach

Codes: (NET June 2015 Paper III)

(a) (C), (A), (D), (B)

(b) (C), (B), (D), (A)

(c) (B), (C), (A), (D)

(d) (C), (B), (A), (D)

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21. 21. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from codes given below: (NET June 2015 Paper III)

A

B

C

D

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22. Who among the following remained chairman of the Comparative Administrative Group in the United States of America for 10 years? (NET December 2015 Paper II)

(a) Woodrow Wilson

(b) D. Waldo

(c) Fred Riggs

(d) Herbert Simon

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23. Which one of the following was not in the list of functional requisites for any society, given by Fred W. Riggs? (NET 2014 Paper III December)

(a) Economic

(b) Administrative

(c) Political

(d) Communicational

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24. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2013 Paper III )

A

B

C

D

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25. Which of the following statements is not correct with regard to Riggs' Perspective of Societies? (NET June 2012 Paper II)

(a) Fused societies are traditional.

(b) Developed societies are diffracted societies.

(c) Ascriptive values are found in diffracted societies.

(d) Traditional societies have ascriptive values.

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26. 'Clect' is the sub-system of Riggs' Prismatic society (NET December 2012 Paper II)

(a) Social system

(b) Administrative system

(c) Economic system

(d) Political system

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27. The scholar who after finding Max Weber’s model of bureaucracy irrelevant and inappropriate for explaining the administrative ecology of developing and transitional societies, developed Prismatic and Sala Models for the study of such societies, was (NET December 2011 Paper II)

(A) Hebert Simon

(B) Waldo

(C) Fred W. Riggs

(D) Alfred Diamond

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28. Match list – I with the list – II and select correct answer from the codes given below: (NET June 2010 Paper II)

A

B

C

D

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29. The book “Administration in Developing Countries: The theory of Prismatic Society” was written by (NET December 2010 Paper II)

(A) Mayo

(B) Wilson

(C) Waldo

(D) Riggs

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30. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2010 Paper II)

A

B

C

D

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31. The theory of "Prismatic Society" is based on as (NET June 2013 Paper II)

(a) Historical studies of public administration in different societies.

(b) Study of public services in developed and developing countries.

(c) Institutional comparison of public administration in developed countries.

(d) Structural-functional analysis of public administration in developing countries.

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32. The behavior characteristic of SALA official is : (RAJASTHAN SET 2012 PAPER II)

(1) Efficiency

(2) Self-aggrandizement

(3) Social welfare

(4) Interest towards clients

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33. The scholar who observed that 'Weber's ideal model of Bureaucracy is not particularly relevant to the study of developing societies' (RAJASTHAN SET 2012 PAPER II)

(1) H. Simon

(2) Fred W. Riggs

(3) Chester Barnard

(4) R. K. Merton

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34. The theory of 'Prismatic Society' in Public Administration is based on which of the following? (WB SET JANUARY 2023)

(A) Study of Public Services in developed and developing countries

(B) Institutional comparison of Public Administration in developed countries

(C) Structural-Functional Analysis of Public Administration in developing countries

(D) Historical Studies C of Public Administration in different countries

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35. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (WB SET 2015)

A

B

C

D

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36. Who among the following has called Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy as unsuitable for developing societies? (WB SET DECEMBER 2023)

(A) Herbert Simon

(B) Chester I. Barnard

(C) Fred W. Riggs

(D) Dwight Waldo

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37. Arrange the following stages in the evolution of Public Administration as a discipline in the chronological order (Ascending order) (RAJASTHAN SET 2012 PAPER III)

(i) Principles Approach

(ii) Public Policy Approach

(iii) Administrative Behaviour

(iv) Politics-Administration dichotomy

(v) Ecological Approach

(1) (iv) (i) (v) (iii) (ii)

(2) (iv).(i) (iii) (ii) (v)

(3) (iv) (i) (iii) (v) (ii)

(4) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (v)

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38. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (RAJASTHAN SET 2013 PAPER II)

A

B

C

D

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39. Who among the following has called Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy as unsuitable for developing countries? (RAJASTHAN SET 2013 PAPER III)

(1) Simon

(2) Barnard

(3) Riggs

(4) Waldo

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40. Which of the following approaches is the precursor of the Ecological approach? (NET November 2017 Paper II)

(a) Classical approach

(b) Human Relations approach

(c) Systems approach

(d) Behavioural approach

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41. Match List I (Authors) with List II(Books) and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (MAHARASHTRA SET 2020)

A

B

C

D

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42. Identify the author of the book ‘Prismatic Society Revisited’ (KERALA SET 2018 JULY)

A) David Shuman

B) James D Mooney

C) F.W. Riggs

D) Max Weber

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43. Among the following models of development, which one is not correctly matched? (KERALA SET 2019 JULY)

A) Centre-Periphery Model – Andre Frank

B) Functional Model - Almond

C) Environmental Model - Riggs

D) Market-Society Model - Santos

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44. According to Riggs, interest groups in Prismatic Society are known as (GUJARAT SET 2022)

(A) Pressure groups

(B) Business associations

(C) Clects

(D) All of the above

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45. The ecological approach in the study of Public Administration was initiated (in the order) by: (GUJARAT SET 2016 PAPER III)

(A) J.M. Gaus and R.A. Dahl

(B) F.W. Riggs and R.A. Dahl

(C) R.A. Dahl and F.W. Riggs

(D) F.W. Riggs and J.M. Gaus

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46. Match List-I with List-II select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists: (GUJARAT SET 2016 PAPER III)

A

B

C

D

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47. Who among the following is the author of the book "Ecology of Public Administration"? (GUJARAT SET 2021 DEC)

(A) Robert Dahl

(B) Ferrel Heady

(C) Fred W. Riggs

(D) Max Weber

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48. Who among the following is associated with 'Prismatic Sala Model'? (JAMMU & KASHMIR SET October 2023)

(A) Chester Barnard

(B) Paul Appleby

(C) A.V. Dicey

(D) F. W. Riggs

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49. The ecological approach in the study of Public Administration was initiated (in the order) by: (GUJARAT SET 2016 PAPER III)

(A) J.M. Gaus and R.A. Dahl

(B) F.W. Riggs and R.A. Dahl

(C) R.A. Dahl and F.W. Riggs

(D) F.W. Riggs and J.M. Gaus

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50. What does the term 'SALA' mean in public administration? (Himachal Pradesh SET 2017)

(A) Administration of developing countries

(B) Economy of developing countries

(C) Social System

(D) Political Culture

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51. Which of the following are important characteristics features of prismatic society given by F.W. Riggs? (JAMMU & KASHMIR SET JUNE 2022)

1. Homogeneity

2. Heterogeneity

3. Formalism

4. Overlapping

Codes:

(A) 1, 3 and 4

(B) 2, 3 and 4

(C) 1, 2 and 3

(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

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52. Identify the theoretician who extended the ecological approach to public administration (University of Hyderabad MA 2021)

A. Fred Riggs

B. Chris Argyris

C. Woodrow Wilson

D. Henry Taylor

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53. The theory of 'Prismatic Society' in Public Administration is based on: (JNU MA 2019)

(A) Study of public services in developed and developing countries

(B) Institutional comparison of public administration in developed countries

(C) Structural-functional analysis of public administration in developing countries

(D) Historical studies of public administration in different countries

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54. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of Prismatic Society propounded by Fred W. Riggs? (JNU MA 2021)

1. Heterogeneity

2. Formalism

3. Overlapping

4. Rationalism

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55. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of 'Sala Model'? (DU MA 2021)

1. Institutional corruption

2. Nepotism

3. Formalism

4. Actual behavior is similar to formal expectations

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56. Which of the following is incorrect in respect of the Prismatic Model as conceived by Riggs? (DU MA 2022)

1. He did his field study in Thailand

2. He did his field study in India

3. It explained the realities of developing societies and their bureaucratic system

4. It explains the characteristics of societies in transition from fused to diffracted ones

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57. The ‘Prismatic Sala Model’ is associated with: (KERALA SET 2022 JULY)

A) Frank Goodnow

B) Luther Gulick

C) F. W Riggs

D) Henry Fayol

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58. In the Rigg's model of administration, he classified two types, viz the ‘agraria'and the 'industria'. Identify the one from the following which is not either? (KARNATAKA SET 2014 PAPER II)

(A) Simple and stable occupational differentiation

(B) High degree of social mobility

(C) Hierarchical structure of personal and authority in a formal organization

(D) Prevalence of voluntary organisations performing specific functions

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59. The theory of ‘Prismatic Society’ in Public Administration is based on (KARNATAKA SET 2015 PAPER II)

(A) Study of public services in developed and developing societies

(B) Institutional comparison of public administration in developed countries

(C) Structural functional analysis of administration in developing countries

(D) Historical studies of public administration in different societies

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60. Ecological approach to public administration is related to: (KERALA SET JULY 2023)

A) Vincnt De Gourney

B) Fred Riggs

C) Thomas Carlyle

D) M. P Follet

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61. Who is closely associated with Ecological Approach in Public Administration? (University of Hyderabad MA 2016)

a. L. D. White

b. F. W. Riggs

c. Elton Mayo

d. Woodrow Wilson

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62. What is the Riggsian Model of ecological approach to public administration? (WB PSC 2022)

(A) Development model

(B) Prismatic-sala model

(C) Communication model

(D) Model of Hierarchy

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63. Where will you find a 'Sala Model'? (PUMDET 2024)

(A) In Prismatic Society

(B) In Hawthorne Plant Experiments

(C) In Scientific Management

(D) In Human Relations Theory

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64. Which of the following statements are true in Ecological Approach? (NET March 2023 Shift I)

A. The term 'ecology' has Greek roots.

B. Ernst Haeckel coined the term 'ecology'.

C. Andrew Dobson makes a distinction between environmentalism and ecologism.

D. Green ideology debate is a 16th century debate.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. (A), (B), (C) only

2. (B). (C) only

3. (C), (D) only

4. (A). (D) only

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65. Match List I (Theorists) with List II (Ideas, Arguments) and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (MAHARASHTRA SET 2019 PAPER II)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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66. Match List I (Authors) with List II(Books) and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (MAHARASHTRA SET 2020 PAPER II)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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67. Who among the following belongs to ecological approach to the study of public administration? (KERALA SET 2015 DECEMBER)

A) Martin Landau

B) Alfred Diamant

C) Peter M. Blau

D) John M. Gaus

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68. The administration of Prismatic Society is known as _________ model (KERALA SET 2015 DECEMBER)

A) Bazar-canteen

B) Sala Model

C) Heterogeneity

D) Nepotism

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69. Ecological approach to the study of public administration is associated with: (KERALA SET 2019 JULY)

A) Luther Gullick

B) F. W Riggs

D) Simon

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70. The theory of 'Prismatic Society' in Public Administration is based on (University of Hyderabad MA 2017)

A. Study of public services in developed and developing countries

B. Institutional comparison of public administration in developed countries

C. Structural-functional analysis of public administration in developing countries

D. Historical studies of public administration in different societies

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71. Fred Riggs developed ideal models to analyse the administrative systems of different countries. Choose the correct ones from the following. (NET August 2024 Shift II)

A. Fused

B. Focussed

C. Prismatic

D. Rainbow

E. Diffracted

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C Only

2. A, B, C, D Only

3. A, C, E Only

4. A, B, C, D, E

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72. Who is regarded as an exponent of ecological approach in the study of Public Administration? (NET December 2004)

(A) Charles Merriam

(B) Fred Riggs

(C) Lucian Pye

(D) Elton Mayo

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73. Identify the concept that is not associated with the 'Sala Model of Riggs: (NET December 2005)

(A) Bazar-canteen

(B) Poly-normative

(C) Clect

(D) Industria

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74. Match List -I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2007)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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75. The book “Administration in Developing Countries: The theory of Prismatic Society” was written by (NET December 2010 Paper II)

(A) Mayo

(B) Wilson

(C) Waldo

(D) Riggs

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76. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below: (NET December 2008)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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77. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET December 2010 Paper II)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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78. Match list – I with the list – II and select correct answer from the codes given below: (NET June 2010 Paper II)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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79. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (WEST BENGAL SET 2015)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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80. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? (KARNATAKA SET 2020 PAPER II)

1. Samuel Hunginton : Political Decay

2. Fred Riggs : Prismatic Society

3. David Easton : Civic Culture

4. David Apter : Political Modernisation

Codes:

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 3 and 4

(C) 1, 2 and 4

(D) 1, 2 and 3

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81. Give the correct answer using the codes given below: (WB SET 2015 Paper III)

Assertion (A): Riggs pursued what is known as the ecological approach to public administration

Reason (R): The ecological approach to public administration signifies vital interconnections between administrative system and the social system in which public administration is embedded.

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

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82. The scholar who after finding Max Weber’s model of bureaucracy irrelevant and inappropriate for explaining the administrative ecology of developing and transitional societies, developed Prismatic and Sala Models for the study of such societies, was (NET December 2011 Paper II)

(A) Hebert Simon

(B) Waldo

(C) Fred W. Riggs

(D) Alfred Diamond

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83. When Fred W. Riggs said that ‘Nepotism and favouritism play a dominant role in the making of appointments to various administrative posts, he was referring to (NET June 2011 Paper II)

(A) Diffracted Society

(B) Fused Society

(C) Agrarian Society

(D) Prismatic Society

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84. 'Clect' is the sub-system of Riggs' Prismatic society (NET December 2012 Paper II)

(a) Social system

(b) Administrative system

(c) Economic system

(d) Political system

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85. Which of the following statements is not correct with regard to Riggs' Perspective of Societies? (NET June 2012 Paper II)

(a) Fused societies are traditional.

(b) Developed societies are diffracted societies.

(c) Ascriptive values are found in diffracted societies.

(d) Traditional societies have ascriptive values.

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86. The theory of 'Prismatic Society' in Public Administration is based on which of the following? (WEST BENGAL SET JANUARY 2023)

(A) Study of Public Services in developed and developing countries

(B) Institutional comparison of Public Administration in developed countries

(C) Structural-Functional Analysis of Public Administration in developing countries

(D) Historical Studies C of Public Administration in different countries

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87. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (NET June 2012 Paper III)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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